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Legal Reasoning and Judicial Decision-Making Quiz

#1

Which legal doctrine involves deciding a case based on prior similar cases?

Stare Decisis
Explanation

Legal principle of precedent.

#2

Which legal concept refers to a legal dispute being settled without going to trial?

Mediation
Explanation

Alternative dispute resolution method.

#3

In a civil case, what is the standard of proof required for a plaintiff to win?

Preponderance of the Evidence
Explanation

Evidence tipping in plaintiff's favor.

#4

Which legal doctrine allows a court to refuse to enforce a contract that is unfair or oppressive?

Unconscionability
Explanation

Voiding unfair contracts.

#5

What is the legal term for a temporary order to maintain the status quo until a full hearing can be held?

Temporary Restraining Order
Explanation

Temporary court directive.

#6

In criminal law, what is the actus reus of a crime?

Criminal Act
Explanation

Physical element of crime.

#7

In a common law system, what is the primary source of law?

Judicial Decisions
Explanation

Decisions made by judges.

#8

What legal principle holds that a person is innocent until proven guilty?

Presumption of Innocence
Explanation

Legal presumption of innocence.

#9

What legal principle allows a court to refuse to hear a case that has already been decided?

Res Judicata
Explanation

Legal doctrine of claim preclusion.

#10

In criminal law, what term refers to the mental state necessary for a person to be held criminally liable?

Mens Rea
Explanation

Criminal intent.

#11

Which constitutional amendment protects individuals from self-incrimination in a criminal case?

Fifth Amendment
Explanation

Protection against self-testimony.

#12

What is the legal term for a false spoken statement that harms the reputation of another person?

Slander
Explanation

Oral defamation.

#13

Which court has the authority to review decisions of lower courts and government actions?

Supreme Court
Explanation

Highest court with appellate jurisdiction.

#14

What is the legal term for a court order requiring a person to do or not do a specific action?

Injunction
Explanation

Court-ordered directive.

#15

What term describes a legal document that allows someone to make decisions on behalf of another person?

Power of Attorney
Explanation

Legal authority to act on behalf of another.

#16

Which legal principle allows a court to review the constitutionality of government actions?

Judicial Review
Explanation

Court's authority to assess laws.

#17

What is the term for a legal remedy where a court orders a party to perform a specific act?

Injunction
Explanation

Court-ordered action.

#18

Which legal concept involves the intentional interference with the right to possess and use one's property?

Trespass
Explanation

Unauthorized property entry.

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