#1
What is the definition of 'complaint' in civil litigation?
A formal document filed by the plaintiff.
ExplanationA complaint initiates a lawsuit by outlining the plaintiff's grievances and legal claims.
#2
What does 'jurisdiction' refer to in civil litigation?
The authority of a court to hear and decide a case.
ExplanationJurisdiction determines which court has the power to resolve a legal dispute.
#3
What is 'discovery' in civil litigation?
The exchange of information between parties before trial.
ExplanationDiscovery allows parties to gather evidence and information relevant to the case.
#4
What is the 'burden of proof' in civil litigation?
The responsibility to prove the elements of a claim.
ExplanationThe burden of proof rests on the party making a claim, requiring them to substantiate their allegations.
#5
What is the role of a 'subpoena' in civil litigation?
To compel the production of evidence or testimony.
ExplanationA subpoena is a legal order requiring a person to testify or produce documents.
#6
What is the purpose of 'mediation' in civil litigation?
To negotiate a settlement with the help of a neutral third party.
ExplanationMediation aims to resolve disputes outside of court through facilitated negotiations.
#7
What is the purpose of 'class action' lawsuits?
To consolidate similar claims into a single lawsuit.
ExplanationClass actions allow multiple plaintiffs with similar claims to litigate collectively.
#8
What does 'summary judgment' mean in civil litigation?
A judgment entered by the court without a full trial.
ExplanationSummary judgment allows courts to decide a case when there are no material facts in dispute.
#9
What does 'voir dire' mean in the context of civil litigation?
To challenge potential jurors for bias or suitability.
ExplanationVoir dire is the process of jury selection where attorneys question potential jurors.
#10
What does 'res judicata' mean in civil litigation?
A doctrine preventing the same matter from being litigated twice.
ExplanationRes judicata bars parties from relitigating claims that have already been decided.
#11
What does 'amicus curiae' mean in civil litigation?
A friend of the court.
ExplanationAmicus curiae provides expertise or perspective to assist the court in deciding a case.
#12
What does 'equitable relief' mean in civil litigation?
A court order requiring specific actions or preventing certain conduct.
ExplanationEquitable relief is granted by a court to remedy unfair or unjust situations.