#1
Which constitutional amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationProhibits unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.
#2
What is the purpose of a Miranda warning?
To inform the suspect of their right to remain silent
ExplanationEnsures suspects are aware of their constitutional rights when in police custody.
#3
What is the primary purpose of parole in the criminal justice system?
To supervise and reintegrate offenders into society
ExplanationAllows for the supervised release of prisoners back into the community.
#4
What is the role of a public defender in the criminal justice system?
To represent defendants who cannot afford an attorney
ExplanationProvides legal representation to individuals who cannot afford a private attorney.
#5
In a criminal trial, what is the role of the jury?
To determine the facts and render a verdict
ExplanationDecides the guilt or innocence of the defendant based on the evidence presented.
#6
In criminal law, what does 'mens rea' refer to?
The guilty mind
ExplanationRefers to the mental state or intent of the defendant at the time of the crime.
#7
What is the primary function of a grand jury?
To conduct investigations and issue indictments
ExplanationEmpowered to investigate potential criminal conduct and determine if there's enough evidence for a trial.
#8
What is the 'burden of proof' in a criminal trial?
The obligation to prove the defendant's guilt
ExplanationThe prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
#9
What does the term 'voir dire' refer to in the legal context?
The process of selecting a jury
ExplanationProcess of questioning potential jurors to ensure a fair and impartial jury.
#10
What does 'habeas corpus' mean?
A legal remedy to seek release from unlawful detention
ExplanationAllows individuals to challenge the legality of their detention or imprisonment.
#11
What is the term for a legal principle that prevents a person from being tried again for the same crime?
Double jeopardy
ExplanationProtects against being tried twice for the same offense after an acquittal or conviction.
#12
What is the 'exclusionary rule' in the context of criminal procedure?
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
ExplanationPrevents illegally obtained evidence from being admissible in court.
#13
What is the 'chain of custody' in the context of evidence in criminal cases?
The chronological documentation of the evidence's location and handling
ExplanationEnsures the integrity of evidence by documenting its handling and custody.
#14
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine in criminal law?
Evidence obtained through illegal means is inadmissible in court
ExplanationProhibits the use of evidence obtained illegally or as a result of illegal actions by law enforcement.
#15
What is the significance of the 'Brady Rule' in criminal law?
The disclosure of exculpatory evidence by the prosecution
ExplanationRequires the prosecution to disclose evidence favorable to the defendant.