#1
What did the Supreme Court establish in the case of Terry v. Ohio?
Reasonable suspicion standard for brief stops
ExplanationTerry Stop: Police can briefly stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion.
#2
What did the Supreme Court hold in the case of Miranda v. Arizona?
Required a warning to suspects of their rights
ExplanationMiranda Rights: Suspects must be informed of their rights before police interrogation.
#3
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the 'exclusionary rule'?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationExclusionary rule: Evidence obtained unlawfully cannot be used in court.
#4
Which case established the 'reasonable suspicion' standard for brief stops by law enforcement?
Terry v. Ohio
ExplanationTerry Stop: Police can briefly stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion.
#5
Which case established the 'good faith exception' to the exclusionary rule?
United States v. Leon
ExplanationGood Faith Exception: Allows evidence obtained in good faith reliance on a faulty warrant.
#6
Which case ruled that police officers may conduct a warrantless search incident to a lawful arrest?
Chimel v. California
ExplanationSearch Incident to Arrest: Allows searches of the arrestee's immediate area.
#7
Which case established the 'stop and frisk' exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement?
Terry v. Ohio
ExplanationTerry Stop: Police can briefly stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion.
#8
In which case did the Supreme Court establish the 'plain view' doctrine?
Arizona v. Hicks
ExplanationPlain view doctrine: Allows police to seize evidence visible without a warrant.
#9
Which case extended the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine to physical evidence obtained illegally?
Wong Sun v. United States
ExplanationFruit of the Poisonous Tree: Illegally obtained evidence and its derivatives are inadmissible.
#10
In which case did the Supreme Court establish the 'reasonable expectation of privacy' test?
Katz v. United States
ExplanationReasonable Expectation of Privacy: Determines if a search violates Fourth Amendment rights.
#11
In which case did the Supreme Court establish the 'automobile exception' to the warrant requirement?
Carroll v. United States
ExplanationAutomobile Exception: Allows warrantless searches of vehicles if there's probable cause.
#12
What did the Supreme Court hold in the case of Illinois v. Gates?
Established the 'totality of circumstances' test for probable cause
ExplanationTotality of Circumstances: Evaluates all factors to determine probable cause.