Legal Precedents in Supreme Court Cases Quiz

Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation, permitting separate facilities for African Americans and whites as long as they were 'equal'.

Stare Decisis refers to the principle of deciding legal cases based on precedent, ensuring consistency and predictability in the law.

Roe v. Wade recognized a woman's constitutional right to terminate a pregnancy, legalizing abortion in the United States.

Judicial Review established the Court's power to review and nullify acts of Congress or the President that conflict with the Constitution.

Obergefell v. Hodges legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, affirming marriage equality as a fundamental right.

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius upheld the ACA's individual mandate, deeming it a constitutional exercise of Congress's taxing authority.

Katz v. United States established that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not just places, and introduced the 'reasonable expectation of privacy' standard.

District of Columbia v. Heller affirmed the individual's right to possess firearms for self-defense, independent of militia service, under the Second Amendment.

Schenck v. United States established the 'clear and present danger' test, allowing restrictions on speech that presents a clear danger to public safety or order.

Miranda v. Arizona mandated the warning of constitutional rights to suspects during custodial interrogation, ensuring protection against self-incrimination.

Graham v. Florida prohibited life imprisonment without parole for juveniles convicted of non-homicide crimes, recognizing juveniles' diminished culpability.

Reynolds v. Sims established the principle of 'one person, one vote,' requiring that legislative districts be roughly equal in population to ensure equal representation.

Mapp v. Ohio established the 'exclusionary rule,' barring the use of evidence obtained unlawfully, ensuring constitutional rights against unreasonable searches and seizures.

United States v. Leon upheld the admissibility of evidence from warrantless searches if conducted in 'good faith,' even if later found to be in violation of the Fourth Amendment.

Wong Sun v. United States established the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine, excluding evidence obtained indirectly from an unlawful search or seizure.