#1
What is the primary function of a judge in a judicial system?
To interpret laws
ExplanationInterpreting laws to apply them to specific cases.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a type of alternative dispute resolution?
Litigation
ExplanationLitigation is the formal legal process, not an alternative method.
#3
What is the term for a legal document that commands a person to appear in court?
Summons
ExplanationOfficial notice requiring someone's presence in court.
#4
Which legal principle states that no person can be judged or punished for the same crime twice?
Double jeopardy
ExplanationProtection against being tried or punished twice for the same offense.
#5
What type of law deals with the rights and duties between private parties?
Civil law
ExplanationLegal framework governing disputes between private individuals or entities.
#6
What does the term 'precedent' refer to in legal contexts?
A previous court decision used as a reference
ExplanationPast court rulings serving as guidance for current cases.
#7
In a criminal trial, what is the standard of proof required for a conviction?
Beyond a reasonable doubt
ExplanationThe highest standard of proof, leaving no reasonable doubt of guilt.
#8
What is the legal principle that requires courts to follow the decisions of higher courts in the same jurisdiction?
Stare decisis
ExplanationThe doctrine of precedent, ensuring consistency in legal interpretation.
#9
What legal doctrine relieves parties from liability when an unforeseeable event prevents them from fulfilling a contract?
Force majeure
ExplanationContractual provision addressing unforeseeable events beyond control.
#10
What does the term 'mens rea' mean in criminal law?
Guilty mind
ExplanationThe mental state or intent to commit a crime.
#11
What is the purpose of the 'voir dire' process in a jury trial?
To select the jury members
ExplanationEvaluating and selecting suitable jurors for a trial.
#12
In legal terms, what does 'stare decisis' mean?
To stand by things decided
ExplanationAdhering to precedents and previously established decisions.
#13
In legal terminology, what does 'habeas corpus' refer to?
A writ requiring a person to be brought before a judge
ExplanationEnsuring individuals are not unlawfully detained, allowing judicial review.
#14
What is the purpose of a legal injunction?
To prevent future harm or enforce a right
ExplanationCourt order halting certain actions to prevent harm or enforce rights.
#15
What is the primary purpose of the grand jury in the criminal justice system?
To decide whether there is enough evidence to indict
ExplanationDetermining if there's sufficient evidence to proceed with a criminal trial.