#1
What does 'presumption of innocence' mean in legal terms?
The defendant is presumed innocent until proven guilty.
ExplanationDefendant is assumed innocent until proven guilty.
#2
What is the legal term for a person who represents themselves in court without a lawyer?
In propria persona (pro se)
ExplanationSelf-representation in court.
#3
What is the term for a legal agreement between two or more parties to settle a dispute outside of court?
Arbitration
ExplanationSettling disputes outside of court.
#4
What is the legal concept of 'double jeopardy'?
Being tried for the same crime twice by the same jurisdiction.
ExplanationCannot be tried for the same crime twice.
#5
What is the legal term for a written statement made under oath?
Affidavit
ExplanationSworn written statement.
#6
What is the legal term for the act of deliberately giving false or misleading information under oath?
Perjury
ExplanationLying under oath.
#7
What is the legal term for a written statement made by a judge explaining the reasons for a court decision?
Opinion
ExplanationJudge's rationale for a decision.
#8
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine in criminal law?
Evidence obtained legally is inadmissible if it was collected based on previous illegal activity by law enforcement.
ExplanationIllegally obtained evidence cannot be used.
#9
Which legal principle allows a higher court to review decisions made by lower courts?
Judicial review
ExplanationHigher courts review lower court decisions.
#10
What is the legal doctrine of 'voir dire' primarily used for in court proceedings?
Selecting a jury
ExplanationJury selection process.
#11
What is the Latin term for a legal principle that prohibits a person from benefiting from their wrongdoing?
Nemo dat quod non habet
ExplanationOne cannot give what they do not have.
#12
Which legal principle allows for a person to be held responsible for the consequences of their actions, even if those consequences were not intended?
Doctrine of strict liability
ExplanationHolding accountable regardless of intent.
#13
What does the term 'habeas corpus' mean in legal contexts?
A written order to bring a detained person before a court to determine if their imprisonment is lawful.
ExplanationLegal order to justify detention.
#14
What is the legal doctrine of 'estoppel' primarily used for?
Preventing someone from going back on their word or asserting a right.
ExplanationPreventing contradiction or denial.
#15
What is the legal doctrine of 'res ipsa loquitur' often used for?
Determining negligence in cases where direct evidence is lacking.
ExplanationInferring negligence when evidence is lacking.
#16
What does 'mens rea' refer to in criminal law?
The criminal's motive or intent
ExplanationCriminal intent or state of mind.