#1
In legal citation, what does 'et seq.' stand for?
Et sequitur
ExplanationIt means 'and the following' and is used to indicate a series of statutes or cases.
#2
Which court is typically cited first in a case citation?
Trial Court
ExplanationThe trial court, where the case originated, is usually cited first.
#3
What does 'supra' mean in legal citation?
Above
ExplanationIt directs the reader to a previous citation within the same document.
#4
What does 'n.d.' stand for in legal citation?
No date
ExplanationIt's used when the publication date of a source is unknown or not provided.
#5
Which legal citation style is commonly used in Canada?
Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (McGill Guide)
ExplanationThis style is widely used for legal citations in Canada, particularly in academic writing.
#6
Which legal citation style is commonly used in the United States?
Bluebook Citation Style
ExplanationThis style is widely used in the United States for legal citations.
#7
What does 'ibid.' mean in legal citation?
In the same place
ExplanationIt indicates that the citation refers to the same source as the previous one.
#8
What does 'c.f.' mean in legal citation?
Confer
Explanation'Compare' - it's used to indicate a comparison between cases or authorities.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a proper way to cite a case in the Bluebook citation style?
Doe v. Roe, 123 U.S. 456 (1890) [online]
ExplanationThis format includes an additional detail '[online]' which is not part of the standard Bluebook citation style.
#10
In the context of case law, what does 'stare decisis' refer to?
Let the decision stand
ExplanationIt's the principle of following precedent, where courts adhere to previous decisions.
#11
Which legal citation format is commonly used in the United Kingdom?
Oscola Citation Style
ExplanationThis citation style is widely used in legal writing and publications in the United Kingdom.
#12
In case citation, what does 'v.' stand for?
Versus
ExplanationIt signifies 'against' or 'opposing' and is used to separate the names of opposing parties in a case.
#13
What is the purpose of a pinpoint citation in legal writing?
To locate the exact page of a case or statute
ExplanationIt helps pinpoint the precise location within a legal document, aiding in accurate referencing.
#14
What does 'per curiam' mean in legal citation?
By the court
ExplanationIt denotes a decision issued by a court as a whole, rather than by individual judges.
#15
In a case citation, what does 'WL' stand for?
Westlaw
ExplanationIt refers to the legal research service Westlaw, commonly used for accessing legal documents.
#16
What is the purpose of a parallel citation in legal writing?
To provide an alternative citation from a different jurisdiction
ExplanationIt offers additional references from different legal systems or jurisdictions for the same case.
#17
In legal writing, what does 'id.' mean when used as a short citation?
Idem
ExplanationIt indicates the same source as the immediately preceding citation.