#1
Which characteristic is protected under discrimination laws?
Physical appearance
ExplanationProtection against discrimination based on one's physical appearance is ensured by discrimination laws.
#2
What does the term 'protected characteristic' refer to?
Characteristics that are legally protected from discrimination
ExplanationProtected characteristics refer to traits safeguarded by law against discriminatory treatment.
#3
Under which law is discrimination based on protected characteristics prohibited in the United States?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
ExplanationThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics in the United States.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a protected characteristic under discrimination laws in many countries?
Political ideology
ExplanationPolitical ideology is often not protected under discrimination laws in various countries.
#5
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a protected characteristic in employment discrimination laws?
Political affiliation
ExplanationPolitical affiliation is usually not protected under employment discrimination laws.
#6
What is 'reasonable accommodation' in the context of discrimination against disabilities?
Making necessary adjustments to allow disabled individuals to perform essential job functions
ExplanationReasonable accommodation involves adjusting conditions to enable disabled individuals to fulfill essential job duties.
#7
What is the main purpose of affirmative action programs?
To ensure equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups
ExplanationAffirmative action programs aim to provide equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a protected characteristic under UK discrimination law?
Marital status
ExplanationMarital status is typically not considered a protected characteristic under UK discrimination law.
#9
What is the significance of the 'burden of proof' in discrimination cases?
It shifts the responsibility to prove innocence onto the accused party
ExplanationThe burden of proof in discrimination cases places the onus on the accused to prove innocence.
#10
What is the concept of 'disparate impact' in discrimination law?
The adverse effect of seemingly neutral policies on a protected group
ExplanationDisparate impact refers to the negative effect of apparently neutral policies on protected groups.
#11
What legal principle allows employers to consider protected characteristics in certain circumstances?
Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)
ExplanationBona fide occupational qualification permits employers to consider protected characteristics when essential for a job.
#12
Which United Nations treaty addresses discrimination against women?
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
ExplanationThe Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) focuses on eliminating discrimination against women.
#13
What does the term 'hostile work environment' refer to in discrimination law?
A workplace where unwelcome conduct based on protected characteristics creates an intimidating or offensive environment
ExplanationA hostile work environment arises when unwelcome conduct linked to protected characteristics creates an intimidating or offensive atmosphere.
#14
What is the term for discrimination against a person based on their association with a protected characteristic?
Associative discrimination
ExplanationAssociative discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly due to their association with a protected characteristic.