#1
Which landmark case established the 'clear and present danger' test for restricting speech?
Schenck v. United States
ExplanationSchenck v. United States established the 'clear and present danger' test, allowing restrictions on speech that poses a clear and present danger to national security.
#2
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that burning the American flag as a form of protest is protected under the First Amendment?
Texas v. Johnson
ExplanationTexas v. Johnson affirmed that burning the American flag as a form of protest is a protected expression under the First Amendment.
#3
Which case established the 'Miller test' to determine what constitutes obscene material unprotected by the First Amendment?
Miller v. California
ExplanationMiller v. California established the 'Miller test' to define and identify obscene material not protected by the First Amendment.
#4
Which case ruled that public employees have limited First Amendment rights and can be disciplined for speech related to their official duties?
Garcetti v. Ceballos
ExplanationGarcetti v. Ceballos determined that public employees have limited First Amendment rights and can face discipline for speech related to their official duties.
#5
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the government could not ban the publication of the Pentagon Papers?
New York Times Co. v. United States
ExplanationNew York Times Co. v. United States protected the freedom of the press, ruling that the government cannot ban the publication of classified information (Pentagon Papers).
#6
Which case established the 'actual malice' standard for libel against public figures?
New York Times v. Sullivan
ExplanationNew York Times v. Sullivan set the 'actual malice' standard for libel against public figures, requiring knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard for the truth.
#7
Which case reaffirmed the principle that hate speech is protected under the First Amendment?
R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
ExplanationR.A.V. v. City of St. Paul reaffirmed that hate speech is protected under the First Amendment, emphasizing content-based restrictions.
#8
In the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Supreme Court ruled that corporations and unions have the same rights as individuals when it comes to political speech under which constitutional amendment?
First Amendment
ExplanationCitizens United v. FEC held that corporations and unions have First Amendment rights, equating their political speech with that of individuals.
#9
In which landmark case did the Supreme Court uphold the constitutionality of government restrictions on broadcast indecency?
FCC v. Pacifica Foundation
ExplanationFCC v. Pacifica Foundation upheld the constitutionality of government restrictions on broadcast indecency, recognizing the unique nature of the broadcast medium.
#10
Which case established the 'heckler's veto' doctrine, stating that speech cannot be restricted simply because it offends a hostile audience?
Terminiello v. Chicago
ExplanationTerminiello v. Chicago established the 'heckler's veto' doctrine, asserting that speech cannot be restricted solely because it offends a hostile audience.
#11
Which case established that government employees have the right to speak on matters of public concern without fear of retaliation?
Pickering v. Board of Education
ExplanationPickering v. Board of Education established the right of government employees to speak on matters of public concern without fear of retaliation.
#12
Which case established the 'Miller test' for determining whether speech is obscene and therefore not protected by the First Amendment?
Miller v. California
ExplanationMiller v. California established the 'Miller test' to determine whether speech is obscene and lacks First Amendment protection.