#1
What is the minimum age for a person to be considered a juvenile in many legal systems?
18
ExplanationAge of majority in juvenile justice systems.
#2
In juvenile justice, what does the term 'status offense' refer to?
Offenses related to a juvenile's status as a minor
ExplanationCrimes only applicable to minors.
#3
What is the term for the legal process where a juvenile case is resolved without formal court proceedings?
Diversion
ExplanationInformal resolution outside court.
#4
What is the principle of 'doli incapax' in juvenile justice?
Incapacity to commit a crime
ExplanationPresumption of juvenile innocence.
#5
What is the concept of 'deferred adjudication' in juvenile justice?
Postponement of court proceedings
ExplanationDelaying formal legal decisions.
#6
Which international convention deals specifically with the rights of the child, including juvenile justice?
Convention on the Rights of the Child
ExplanationInternational treaty safeguarding children's rights.
#7
What is the principle of 'parens patriae' in juvenile justice?
Best interests of the child
ExplanationLegal doctrine prioritizing child's welfare.
#8
What is the primary goal of the rehabilitative approach in juvenile justice?
Reintegration into society
ExplanationReform for successful reentry into community.
#9
Which constitutional amendment protects juveniles from cruel and unusual punishment?
Eighth Amendment
ExplanationProtection against excessive penalties.
#10
What is the significance of the case 'Kent v. United States' in juvenile justice history?
Established the right to legal counsel for juveniles
ExplanationPrecedent for juvenile representation rights.
#11
What does the term 'deinstitutionalization' mean in the context of juvenile justice?
Closing down juvenile facilities
ExplanationShutdown of juvenile correctional institutions.
#12
Which landmark case established the right to counsel for juveniles in delinquency proceedings?
In re Gault
ExplanationLegal precedent for juvenile representation.
#13
In juvenile justice, what is the purpose of diversion programs?
Rehabilitation
ExplanationPrograms aimed at reforming juveniles.
#14
What is the significance of the case 'In re Gault' in juvenile justice history?
Established the right to legal counsel for juveniles
ExplanationCase affirming legal representation for minors.
#15
What is the term for the legal process through which a juvenile is declared a 'delinquent'?
Adjudication
ExplanationFormal determination of juvenile guilt.
#16
In the context of juvenile justice, what is 'waiver' or 'transfer'?
Transfer of a case to adult court
ExplanationMoving juvenile case to adult judicial system.
#17
Which principle emphasizes the confidentiality of juvenile records and proceedings?
Right to privacy
ExplanationSafeguarding juvenile privacy in legal matters.
#18
In the context of juvenile justice, what is 'restorative justice'?
Focuses on repairing harm and rebuilding relationships
ExplanationApproach centered on healing and reconciliation.
#19
What is the term for a legal order that places a juvenile in the custody of a suitable adult or institution?
Custody disposition
ExplanationLegal arrangement for juvenile care.