#1
What is the normal heart rate for an adult at rest?
60-80 beats per minute
90-120 beats per minute
140-160 beats per minute
180-200 beats per minute
#2
What is the term for a junctional rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 bpm?
Junctional escape rhythm
Accelerated junctional rhythm
Junctional tachycardia
Junctional bradycardia
#3
Which condition is often associated with junctional ectopic tachycardia in pediatric patients?
Atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent ductus arteriosus
Congenital heart block
#4
What is the term for a junctional rhythm originating from a site below the atrioventricular node but not within the bundle of His?
Nodal escape rhythm
Supraventricular escape rhythm
Infranodal escape rhythm
His bundle escape rhythm
#5
What is the primary concern in the management of junctional rhythms during pregnancy?
Fetal bradycardia
Maternal hypotension
Fetal tachycardia
Maternal syncope
#6
Which part of the heart initiates electrical impulses in a junctional rhythm?
Atria
Ventricles
SA Node
AV Node
#7
What characterizes a junctional escape rhythm?
Regular rhythm with a heart rate of 60-100 bpm
Irregular rhythm with a heart rate above 100 bpm
Irregular rhythm with a heart rate below 60 bpm
Regular rhythm with a heart rate below 40 bpm
#8
What is the P-wave morphology in junctional rhythms?
Normal
Absent
Inverted
Biphasic
#9
Which electrolyte imbalance can contribute to the development of junctional rhythms?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
#10
What is the primary difference between a junctional escape beat and a premature junctional contraction?
Timing of occurrence
Heart rate
P-wave morphology
Duration of the QRS complex
#11
Which ECG lead is commonly used to identify junctional rhythms?
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III
AVR (Augmented Vector Right)
#12
What is the potential complication of sustained junctional tachycardia?
Hypertension
Syncope
Heart block
Ventricular fibrillation
#13
What is the treatment approach for symptomatic junctional bradycardia?
Administer beta-blockers
Administer atropine
Administer calcium channel blockers
Administer anticoagulants
#14
In which clinical scenario might a junctional rhythm be considered physiologic?
During exercise
During sleep
During fever
During dehydration
#15
What is the primary concern in junctional rhythms with aberrancy?
Atrioventricular block
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia