#1
Which of the following is a fundamental principle of a democratic judicial system?
Presumption of innocence
ExplanationIt requires that a defendant is considered innocent until proven guilty.
#2
What is the highest court in the United States judicial system?
Supreme Court
ExplanationIt has the final authority to interpret and uphold the Constitution.
#3
What is the term for a legal document that commands a person to appear before a court?
Summons
ExplanationIt notifies individuals of their obligation to appear in court at a specific time and place.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a function of the judiciary?
Creating laws
ExplanationThe judiciary's role is to interpret and apply laws, not to create them, which is the domain of the legislative branch.
#5
What is the principle that the government must follow the law and may be subject to legal action?
Rule of Law
ExplanationIt ensures that the government is accountable under the law and no one is above it.
#6
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a legal remedy?
Deportation
ExplanationDeportation is a form of administrative action by immigration authorities, not a legal remedy typically granted by courts.
#7
What is the term for a legal document that initiates a lawsuit?
Petition
ExplanationIt formally requests the court to take action, such as resolving a dispute or granting relief.
#8
Which legal system is primarily based on previous judicial decisions and precedent?
Common Law System
ExplanationIt relies on case law and judge-made law as a primary source of legal authority.
#9
What does 'habeas corpus' refer to in legal terms?
Right to challenge unlawful detention
ExplanationIt safeguards against arbitrary detention by allowing individuals to petition the court to review the legality of their imprisonment.
#10
What is the role of the judiciary in the system of checks and balances?
To interpret laws
ExplanationIt ensures that laws passed by the legislative branch and actions taken by the executive branch are consistent with the Constitution.
#11
Which country does not have a single unified legal system, but rather a system based on religious law?
Iran
ExplanationIts legal system is predominantly based on Islamic law (Sharia).
#12
What is the purpose of the 'adversarial system' in legal proceedings?
To provide a fair trial by presenting opposing arguments
ExplanationIt allows each party to present evidence and arguments before an impartial adjudicator.
#13
Who appoints justices to the Supreme Court of the United States?
The President
ExplanationThe President nominates justices, who must then be confirmed by the Senate.
#14
In which legal system are laws codified into comprehensive written systems?
Civil Law System
ExplanationIt relies on written statutes and codes as the primary source of law.
#15
Who is often considered the 'father of modern jurisprudence'?
Hugo Grotius
ExplanationHis work laid the foundation for international law and the modern understanding of legal principles.
#16
Which amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases?
Seventh Amendment
ExplanationIt ensures the right to a jury trial for civil cases involving disputes over property or money exceeding $20.
#17
What is the principle of 'stare decisis' in legal systems?
The principle that courts are bound by their own prior decisions
ExplanationIt promotes consistency and predictability in the application of law by requiring courts to adhere to precedent.
#18
What does the term 'pro bono' mean in legal contexts?
For the good of the public
ExplanationIt refers to legal services provided free of charge, typically to those who cannot afford legal representation.
#19
What is the term for a legal doctrine that prevents a person from asserting a claim or right that contradicts what they previously said or agreed to?
Estoppel
ExplanationIt prevents parties from asserting claims that are inconsistent with their prior statements or conduct, ensuring fairness and preventing abuse of legal process.
#20
Which amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to counsel in criminal cases?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationIt ensures the right to legal representation for defendants in criminal prosecutions to ensure fair trials.