#1
Which of the following is NOT a mode of HIV transmission?
Casual contact like shaking hands or hugging
ExplanationCasual contact is not a significant mode of HIV transmission; it mainly spreads through bodily fluids.
#2
What does PPE stand for in the context of infection control?
Personal Protective Equipment
ExplanationPPE includes garments and tools worn to minimize exposure to infectious agents.
#3
Which of the following is an effective method for preventing HIV transmission?
Using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
ExplanationPrEP involves taking medication before potential exposure to reduce the risk of HIV infection.
#4
What is the primary route of HIV transmission worldwide?
Unprotected sexual intercourse
ExplanationSexual contact without protection is the most common mode of HIV transmission globally.
#5
Which of the following is a common opportunistic infection associated with advanced HIV infection?
Tuberculosis
ExplanationTuberculosis is a prevalent opportunistic infection in individuals with advanced HIV due to their weakened immune systems.
#6
What does the acronym 'ART' stand for in the context of HIV treatment?
Antiretroviral Therapy
ExplanationART refers to medications that suppress the HIV virus, helping individuals with HIV live healthier lives.
#7
Which bodily fluid has the highest risk of transmitting HIV?
Blood
ExplanationBlood poses the highest risk of HIV transmission due to its higher concentration of the virus.
#8
What is the window period for HIV testing?
3 months
ExplanationIt takes about 3 months after exposure for HIV antibodies to reach detectable levels in the blood.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acute HIV infection?
Severe diarrhea
ExplanationWhile diarrhea can occur, it's not typically severe in acute HIV infection; other symptoms are more common.
#10
What is the main goal of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV?
To prevent HIV transmission after potential exposure
ExplanationPEP aims to reduce the risk of HIV infection following potential exposure, such as needlestick injuries.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a method of HIV testing?
Urine test
ExplanationWhile urine tests exist for other purposes, they're not commonly used for HIV testing due to their lower accuracy.
#12
What is the purpose of viral load testing in HIV management?
To monitor the effectiveness of HIV treatment
ExplanationViral load testing measures the amount of HIV in the blood and helps assess how well treatment is working.
#13
What is the function of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV treatment?
To boost the immune system to fight HIV
ExplanationART helps control HIV replication and prevent the virus from damaging the immune system.
#14
What is seroconversion in the context of HIV infection?
The development of HIV antibodies in the blood
ExplanationSeroconversion occurs when the body starts producing antibodies against HIV after infection.
#15
What is the primary mode of HIV transmission among injecting drug users?
Sharing contaminated needles or syringes
ExplanationInjection drug use, particularly when needles are shared, is a significant mode of HIV transmission among this population.
#16
What is the term used to describe the stage of HIV infection where the immune system is significantly damaged and opportunistic infections occur?
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
ExplanationAIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection characterized by severe immune suppression and the occurrence of opportunistic infections.
#17
Which type of HIV testing provides results in the shortest amount of time?
Rapid HIV test
ExplanationRapid tests can provide results in as little as 20 minutes, enabling quick diagnosis and intervention.