#1
Which of the following best describes a linear relationship between two variables?
The relationship forms a straight line when plotted on a graph.
The relationship fluctuates irregularly on a graph.
The relationship is not visible on a graph.
The relationship forms a curved line when plotted on a graph.
#2
What does the term 'inverse relationship' imply in mathematics?
Both variables change in the same direction.
One variable increases as the other decreases.
Both variables remain constant.
One variable decreases while the other remains constant.
#3
What does a positive slope indicate in a linear relationship?
As one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
As one variable increases, the other variable increases.
Both variables remain constant.
One variable increases while the other remains constant.
#4
In a mutualistic relationship, what occurs between the interacting organisms?
One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
Both organisms benefit from each other.
One organism benefits at the expense of the other.
Both organisms are harmed.
#5
What does a negative correlation coefficient indicate?
A strong positive relationship between variables.
A weak positive relationship between variables.
A strong negative relationship between variables.
No relationship between variables.
#6
In a symbiotic relationship, what does mutualism refer to?
One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
Both organisms benefit from each other.
One organism benefits at the expense of the other.
Both organisms are harmed.
#7
What is the Pearson correlation coefficient used for?
Describing the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
Calculating probabilities in statistical experiments.
Quantifying the variability of a dataset.
Identifying outliers in a dataset.
#8
In ecology, what is a commensal relationship?
Both organisms benefit from each other.
One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
One organism benefits at the expense of the other.
Both organisms are harmed.
#9
What is the significance of a p-value in correlation analysis?
It indicates the strength of the correlation.
It measures the probability of observing a correlation as extreme as the one computed, assuming no correlation exists.
It quantifies the variability of the dataset.
It identifies outliers in the dataset.
#10
What is a predator-prey relationship an example of?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Predation
#11
When is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient preferred over Pearson's correlation coefficient?
When the relationship between variables is not linear.
When the relationship between variables is linear.
When the variables are categorical.
When the variables are continuous.
#12
In social network analysis, what does centrality measure?
The closeness of a node to others in the network.
The size of the network.
The diversity of connections within the network.
The complexity of the network structure.
#13
What is the difference between covariance and correlation?
Covariance measures the strength of the relationship, while correlation measures the direction.
Covariance is scaled between -1 and 1, while correlation is not bounded.
Covariance is only applicable to categorical variables, while correlation is applicable to continuous variables.
Covariance is a measure of association between two random variables, while correlation is a measure of linear association.
#14
What does betweenness centrality measure in a network?
The closeness of a node to others in the network.
The diversity of connections within the network.
The importance of a node in connecting others in the network.
The complexity of the network structure.
#15
When interpreting the correlation coefficient, what does a value of 0.75 suggest?
A weak positive correlation.
A strong positive correlation.
A weak negative correlation.
A strong negative correlation.
#16
What does closeness centrality measure in a network?
The importance of a node in connecting others in the network.
The diversity of connections within the network.
The centrality of a node in the network.
The complexity of the network structure.
#17
If the correlation coefficient is -0.85, what type of relationship does it suggest?
A weak positive correlation.
A strong positive correlation.
A weak negative correlation.
A strong negative correlation.