#1
Which of the following best describes a linear relationship between two variables?
The relationship forms a straight line when plotted on a graph.
ExplanationLinear relationship implies a straight-line association when graphed.
#2
What does the term 'inverse relationship' imply in mathematics?
One variable increases as the other decreases.
ExplanationInverse relationship indicates one variable increases while the other decreases in mathematics.
#3
What does a positive slope indicate in a linear relationship?
As one variable increases, the other variable increases.
ExplanationPositive slope in a linear relationship signifies both variables increasing together.
#4
In a mutualistic relationship, what occurs between the interacting organisms?
Both organisms benefit from each other.
ExplanationMutualistic relationship involves reciprocal benefits for both interacting organisms.
#5
What does a negative correlation coefficient indicate?
A strong negative relationship between variables.
ExplanationNegative correlation coefficient suggests a strong negative relationship between variables.
#6
In a symbiotic relationship, what does mutualism refer to?
Both organisms benefit from each other.
ExplanationMutualism in symbiosis means reciprocal benefits for both interacting organisms.
#7
What is the Pearson correlation coefficient used for?
Describing the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
ExplanationPearson correlation measures strength and direction of linear association between variables.
#8
In ecology, what is a commensal relationship?
One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
ExplanationCommensalism in ecology means one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected.
#9
What is the significance of a p-value in correlation analysis?
It measures the probability of observing a correlation as extreme as the one computed, assuming no correlation exists.
ExplanationP-value indicates the probability of observing a correlation as extreme under the assumption of no correlation.
#10
What is a predator-prey relationship an example of?
Predation
ExplanationPredator-prey relationship exemplifies the ecological concept of predation.
#11
When is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient preferred over Pearson's correlation coefficient?
When the relationship between variables is not linear.
ExplanationSpearman's rank correlation is preferred when the relationship between variables is nonlinear.
#12
In social network analysis, what does centrality measure?
The closeness of a node to others in the network.
ExplanationCentrality in social networks gauges how closely a node connects to others in the network.
#13
What is the difference between covariance and correlation?
Covariance is a measure of association between two random variables, while correlation is a measure of linear association.
ExplanationCovariance assesses association, correlation specifically measures linear association between variables.
#14
What does betweenness centrality measure in a network?
The importance of a node in connecting others in the network.
ExplanationBetweenness centrality assesses a node's importance in connecting others within a network.
#15
When interpreting the correlation coefficient, what does a value of 0.75 suggest?
A strong positive correlation.
ExplanationCorrelation coefficient of 0.75 indicates a strong positive linear correlation.
#16
What does closeness centrality measure in a network?
The centrality of a node in the network.
ExplanationCloseness centrality in a network gauges how central a node is.
#17
If the correlation coefficient is -0.85, what type of relationship does it suggest?
A strong negative correlation.
ExplanationCorrelation coefficient of -0.85 indicates a strong negative linear correlation.