#1
Who proposed the psychosocial stages of development theory?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
#2
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Integrity vs. Despair
Trust vs. Mistrust
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Cognition vs. Emotion
#3
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Trust vs. Envy
Identity vs. Role Confusion
#4
Which developmental psychologist is known for their theory of cognitive development, which includes stages such as sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational?
Albert Bandura
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
#5
Which developmental stage according to Erikson occurs during adolescence?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
Identity vs. Role Confusion
#6
According to Piaget's theory, in which stage do children develop object permanence?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#7
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg
Abraham Maslow
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of moral development proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg?
Preconventional morality
Conventional morality
Postconventional morality
Intrapersonal morality
#9
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during the stage of initiative vs. guilt?
Establishing trust in caregivers
Developing a sense of autonomy
Exploring and taking initiative in play and other activities
Building a sense of industry and competence
#10
What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves reinforcement, while operant conditioning involves punishment.
Classical conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning associations between behavior and its consequences.
Classical conditioning is involuntary, while operant conditioning is voluntary.
There is no difference; classical and operant conditioning are the same.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a critique of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Underestimation of children's abilities
Cultural and contextual biases in research
Overemphasis on biological factors
Underestimation of the role of social interaction
#12
According to attachment theory, what is the main difference between secure and insecure attachment?
Securely attached individuals are overly dependent on caregivers, while insecurely attached individuals are independent.
Securely attached individuals are indifferent to caregiver presence, while insecurely attached individuals seek constant reassurance.
Securely attached individuals feel confident in exploring the environment, while insecurely attached individuals are anxious and clingy or avoidant.
Securely attached individuals lack empathy, while insecurely attached individuals show excessive empathy.
#13
What is the primary focus of the psychodynamic perspective on human development?
The influence of genetics on behavior
The role of conscious thoughts and behaviors
The interaction between the individual's internal conflicts and external experiences
The importance of observable behavior in shaping development
#14
Which theory of human development emphasizes the importance of cultural and historical context in shaping individuals' development?
Ecological Systems Theory
Evolutionary Psychology
Behaviorism
Social Constructivism