#1
Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication?
Gesturing
ExplanationNon-verbal communication involves conveying messages without using words, such as through gestures.
#2
What is the primary function of mirror neurons in the brain?
Empathy and imitation
ExplanationMirror neurons facilitate empathy by mirroring others' actions and emotions, leading to imitation and understanding.
#3
Which psychological theory suggests that behavior is influenced by observable stimuli and responses?
Behavioral theory
ExplanationBehavioral theory posits that behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, emphasizing observable actions and consequences.
#4
What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
The reluctance to intervene in an emergency when others are present
ExplanationThe bystander effect refers to individuals being less likely to offer help in an emergency when others are present, often due to diffusion of responsibility.
#5
In the context of social influence, what does the term 'normative social influence' refer to?
The desire to be liked and accepted by a group
ExplanationNormative social influence occurs when individuals conform to group norms to gain acceptance and approval, often without questioning the behavior's validity.
#6
What is the Hawthorne effect in social psychology?
The alteration of human behavior when individuals are aware they are being observed
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect refers to changes in behavior or performance when individuals know they are being observed, often leading to improved performance.
#7
What is the concept of 'groupthink' in social psychology?
Group members conforming to avoid conflict
ExplanationGroupthink occurs when individuals prioritize harmony within the group over critical thinking, often leading to conformity and overlooking alternatives.
#8
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationMaslow's hierarchy dictates that basic physiological needs like food and shelter must be met before higher-level needs such as self-actualization can be pursued.
#9
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with pleasure and reward in the brain?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter linked to feelings of pleasure and reward, influencing motivation, reinforcement, and movement.
#10
What is the concept of 'cognitive dissonance' in psychology?
The discomfort arising from conflicting attitudes or beliefs
ExplanationCognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes, leading to efforts to resolve or rationalize the inconsistency.
#11
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary task during the 'integrity versus despair' stage in late adulthood?
Reflecting on one's life and accepting its meaning
ExplanationIn the integrity versus despair stage, individuals reflect on their life experiences, finding meaning and acceptance or experiencing regret and despair.