#1
Which of the following vertebral regions forms the majority of the spine's curvature?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
#2
What is the primary function of intervertebral discs?
To connect adjacent vertebrae
To allow for flexion and extension
To absorb shock and provide flexibility
To maintain spinal curvature
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the lumbar vertebrae?
Presence of transverse foramina
Large vertebral bodies relative to other regions
Articulation with ribs
Presence of bifid spinous processes
#4
Which structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and assists in breathing?
Diaphragm
Pectoralis major
Rectus abdominis
Transverse abdominis
#5
Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the pelvis during walking?
Erector spinae
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Gluteus medius
#6
Which muscle is primarily responsible for extension of the spine?
Rectus abdominis
Erector spinae
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
#7
What is the anatomical term for the 'tailbone'?
#8
Which of the following movements is primarily facilitated by the transversus abdominis muscle?
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Flexion
Stabilization
#9
Which anatomical structure is responsible for connecting the ribs to the sternum?
Costovertebral joint
Costal cartilage
Intertransverse ligament
Sternohyoid muscle
#10
Which ligament connects the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous ligament
Intertransverse ligament
#11
Which ligament connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
#12
Which part of the spine has the greatest range of motion for rotation?
Cervical spine
Thoracic spine
Lumbar spine
Sacral spine
#13
What is the function of the ligamentum flavum in the vertebral column?
To prevent excessive flexion
To resist rotation
To stabilize during lateral bending
To protect spinal cord
#14
Which muscle is primarily responsible for lateral flexion of the spine?
Internal oblique
Erector spinae
Transversospinalis
Rectus abdominis
#15
Which muscle is primarily responsible for rotation of the trunk?
External oblique
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis