#1
Which virus causes AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
ExplanationHIV is the virus responsible for causing AIDS.
#2
How can HIV be transmitted?
Through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child
ExplanationHIV can be transmitted through various means, including blood, sexual contact, and from an infected mother to her child.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a common mode of HIV transmission?
Touching or hugging an infected person
ExplanationTouching or hugging an infected person is not a common mode of HIV transmission.
#4
How does antiretroviral therapy (ART) work to treat HIV?
It prevents the virus from replicating
ExplanationAntiretroviral therapy (ART) works by preventing the replication of the HIV virus.
#5
In which year was the first case of HIV identified?
1981
ExplanationThe first case of HIV was identified in the year 1981.
#6
Which of the following is a common symptom of acute HIV infection?
Flu-like symptoms
ExplanationFlu-like symptoms are a common symptom of acute HIV infection.
#7
What does ART stand for in the context of HIV treatment?
Antiretroviral therapy
ExplanationART stands for Antiretroviral therapy, a key component of HIV treatment.
#8
What is the most effective way to prevent HIV infection?
Using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners
ExplanationPreventing HIV infection involves using condoms and practicing safe sex by limiting the number of sexual partners.
#9
Which of the following is a late stage symptom of HIV infection?
Opportunistic infections
ExplanationOpportunistic infections are a late-stage symptom of HIV infection.
#10
Which group of antiretroviral drugs prevents HIV from entering the cells?
Entry Inhibitors
ExplanationEntry Inhibitors are antiretroviral drugs that prevent HIV from entering host cells.
#11
What year was the first case of AIDS reported?
1981
ExplanationThe first case of AIDS was reported in 1981.
#12
What is PrEP, and who is it recommended for?
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for people at high risk of HIV infection
ExplanationPrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) is recommended for individuals at high risk of HIV infection as a preventive measure.
#13
Which test is most commonly used for initial screening for HIV?
Antibody/antigen (Ag/Ab) tests
ExplanationAntibody/antigen (Ag/Ab) tests are commonly used for the initial screening of HIV.
#14
Which of the following statements is true about the global effort to combat HIV/AIDS?
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced HIV-related deaths
ExplanationAntiretroviral therapy (ART) has played a significant role in reducing HIV-related deaths globally.
#15
What role do CD4 cells play in HIV infection?
They are the primary cells infected and destroyed by HIV
ExplanationCD4 cells are the primary cells infected and destroyed by HIV during the course of the infection.
#16
Which initiative is credited with providing substantial funding for HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and research globally?
PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief)
ExplanationPEPFAR has played a crucial role in providing funding for HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and research on a global scale.
#17
What is the function of integrase inhibitors in HIV treatment?
They block the virus from integrating its genetic material into the host's DNA
ExplanationIntegrase inhibitors in HIV treatment work by blocking the virus from integrating its genetic material into the host's DNA.
#18
Which population group is considered at 'high risk' for HIV infection?
Men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users, and sex workers
ExplanationPopulations at 'high risk' for HIV infection include men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users, and sex workers.
#19
As of the latest global data, which region has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS?
Sub-Saharan Africa
ExplanationSub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS globally.
#20
What does 'undetectable' mean in the context of HIV?
Both b and c
ExplanationIn the context of HIV, 'undetectable' means both achieving viral suppression (c) and having a low risk of transmitting the virus (b).
#21
Which global initiative is focused on ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030?
UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets
ExplanationThe UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets aim to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, focusing on testing, treatment, and viral suppression.
#22
What is the significance of a 'window period' in HIV testing?
It is the time after exposure when HIV cannot yet be detected by tests
ExplanationThe 'window period' is the time after exposure when HIV cannot yet be detected by tests.
#23
Which of the following factors can affect the progression of HIV to AIDS?
All of the above
ExplanationVarious factors, including delayed diagnosis, lack of treatment, and co-infections, can affect the progression of HIV to AIDS.
#24
What is the primary goal of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets?
90% of all people living with HIV will know their status, 90% of those will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of those will achieve viral suppression
ExplanationThe primary goal of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets is to achieve high percentages in testing, treatment, and viral suppression for people living with HIV.
#25
What significant milestone was achieved in the fight against HIV/AIDS by 2020?
More than half of all people living with HIV globally were accessing antiretroviral therapy
ExplanationBy 2020, more than half of all people living with HIV globally had access to antiretroviral therapy, marking a significant milestone in the fight against HIV/AIDS.