#1
Which landmark Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in the United States?
Marbury v. Madison
ExplanationMarbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, empowering the Supreme Court to review and potentially invalidate laws.
#2
In which Supreme Court case was the 'separate but equal' doctrine overturned?
Brown v. Board of Education
ExplanationBrown v. Board of Education overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine, declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
#3
Which Supreme Court case affirmed the right to counsel for criminal defendants?
Gideon v. Wainwright
ExplanationGideon v. Wainwright affirmed the right to counsel, ensuring that criminal defendants have legal representation even if they cannot afford it.
#4
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that mandatory school prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?
Engel v. Vitale
ExplanationEngel v. Vitale ruled that mandatory school prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, ensuring separation of church and state in public schools.
#5
Which Supreme Court case established the 'exclusionary rule', which prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in court?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationMapp v. Ohio established the 'exclusionary rule,' prohibiting the use of illegally obtained evidence in court to protect Fourth Amendment rights.
#6
Which Supreme Court case established the 'one person, one vote' principle for legislative districting?
Reynolds v. Sims
ExplanationReynolds v. Sims established the 'one person, one vote' principle, ensuring equal representation in legislative districts.
#7
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that executing individuals with intellectual disabilities violated the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment?
Atkins v. Virginia
ExplanationAtkins v. Virginia ruled that executing individuals with intellectual disabilities is cruel and unusual punishment, violating the Eighth Amendment.
#8
Which Supreme Court case recognized the constitutional right to privacy and legalized abortion in the United States?
Roe v. Wade
ExplanationRoe v. Wade recognized the constitutional right to privacy, legalizing abortion and establishing a woman's right to choose.
#9
Which Supreme Court case established the 'clear and present danger' test for restricting free speech?
Schenck v. United States
ExplanationSchenck v. United States established the 'clear and present danger' test, allowing restrictions on free speech if it poses a clear and present danger to the public.
#10
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that same-sex marriage is protected by the Constitution?
Obergefell v. Hodges
ExplanationObergefell v. Hodges ruled that same-sex marriage is protected by the Constitution, legalizing it nationwide.
#11
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that flag burning is protected speech under the First Amendment?
Texas v. Johnson
ExplanationTexas v. Johnson ruled that flag burning is protected speech under the First Amendment as a form of symbolic expression.
#12
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that corporations and unions have the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns?
Citizens United v. FEC
ExplanationCitizens United v. FEC ruled that corporations and unions have the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns, citing free speech protection.