Historical Perspectives on Corrections Quiz

Exile was used as a form of punishment in Mesopotamia, where offenders were banished from the community.

Restorative justice is a correctional philosophy that emphasizes the prevention of crime through community programs and the rehabilitation of offenders.

John Augustus is considered the founder of probation as a form of criminal punishment for his work in Boston in the 19th century, advocating for rehabilitation over punishment.

Deterrence theory is a correctional approach that emphasizes the use of punishment as a deterrent to future criminal behavior.

Ronald Reagan initiated the 'War on Drugs' in the 1980s, leading to significant increases in incarceration rates as part of the effort to combat drug-related crime.

John Howard is considered the father of modern penology for his work in prison reform and advocating for better prison conditions.

The American Revolution significantly impacted corrections in the United States by leading to the development of penitentiaries and prison reform.

Jeremy Bentham proposed the concept of the 'panopticon,' which influenced modern prison design by allowing for constant surveillance of prisoners.

William Penn founded the first penitentiary in the United States, the Walnut Street Jail, in Philadelphia in 1773.

The Babylonian civilization is credited with the establishment of the first formal legal code, the Code of Hammurabi, which included provisions for punishment.

The Pennsylvania System was a correctional approach that emphasized solitary confinement and penitence as a means of reforming prisoners.

Alexander Maconochie is credited with the introduction of parole as a correctional practice for his work in penal reform in Australia.

The 'medical model' emphasized the importance of treating criminal behavior as a psychological condition that could be rehabilitated through therapy and treatment.

The Declaration of Principles regarding the treatment of prisoners was proclaimed by the United Nations in 1966, outlining basic standards for the treatment of prisoners.

John Braithwaite is known for developing the concept of 'just deserts' in corrections, which emphasizes that the punishment should be proportionate to the severity of the crime.