#1
Which term refers to the practice of denying loans or insurance to people based on the racial or ethnic composition of their neighborhood?
Redlining
ExplanationRedlining is the discriminatory practice of denying loans or insurance to individuals based on the racial or ethnic makeup of their neighborhood.
#2
Which term refers to the legal process of reclaiming a property due to failure to make mortgage payments?
Foreclosure
ExplanationForeclosure is the legal process of reclaiming a property due to the homeowner's failure to make mortgage payments.
#3
Which government policy is often credited with exacerbating racial segregation in housing in the United States?
Federal Housing Administration's redlining policies
ExplanationThe Federal Housing Administration's redlining policies involved discriminatory lending practices, marking certain neighborhoods as high-risk based on racial composition, contributing to racial segregation.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of discriminatory housing policies in the 20th century?
Equal access to housing opportunities for all races
ExplanationDiscriminatory housing policies did not lead to equal access for all races; instead, they perpetuated segregation and disparities in housing opportunities.
#5
Which term describes the practice of real estate agents guiding prospective homeowners to certain neighborhoods based on their race?
Steering
ExplanationSteering is the discriminatory practice of guiding prospective homeowners to specific neighborhoods based on their race, perpetuating housing segregation.
#6
Which U.S. President signed the Fair Housing Act into law, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing?
Lyndon B. Johnson
ExplanationLyndon B. Johnson signed the Fair Housing Act into law, aiming to end discriminatory practices in housing by prohibiting discrimination in sales, rentals, and financing.
#7
Which legislative act established the National Housing Act, which facilitated the construction of affordable housing and introduced mortgage insurance?
New Deal
ExplanationThe New Deal legislative act established the National Housing Act, promoting the construction of affordable housing and introducing mortgage insurance.
#8
Which federal agency implemented policies that favored suburban development while discriminating against inner-city neighborhoods in the mid-20th century?
Federal Housing Administration
ExplanationThe Federal Housing Administration implemented policies that favored suburban development but discriminated against inner-city neighborhoods, contributing to urban decay and segregation.
#9
Which landmark Supreme Court case ruled that racially restrictive housing covenants were unenforceable?
Shelley v. Kraemer
ExplanationShelley v. Kraemer was a landmark Supreme Court case that ruled racially restrictive housing covenants unenforceable, challenging racial segregation in housing.
#10
Which governmental entity was responsible for the creation of segregated public housing projects in the mid-20th century?
Works Progress Administration
ExplanationThe Works Progress Administration was responsible for creating segregated public housing projects in the mid-20th century, contributing to racial segregation.
#11
Which term describes the government-backed practice of granting mortgages to specific racial or ethnic groups while excluding others?
Redlining
ExplanationRedlining describes the discriminatory government-backed practice of granting mortgages based on race, excluding certain racial or ethnic groups.
#12
Which government program provided financial incentives for developers to build suburban housing, contributing to urban decay?
Federal Highway Act
ExplanationThe Federal Highway Act provided financial incentives for suburban housing development, contributing to urban decay by encouraging migration to the suburbs.