#1
Who is considered the father of modern chemistry?
Antoine Lavoisier
ExplanationKnown for establishing the law of conservation of mass.
#2
Which ancient civilization contributed significantly to early chemical knowledge?
Greeks
ExplanationGreek philosophers made significant contributions to early chemical theories.
#3
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
ExplanationObserved antibacterial properties of Penicillium mold.
#4
What is the name of the process used to separate mixtures based on differences in their boiling points?
Distillation
ExplanationBoiling liquid is condensed and collected.
#5
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Au
ExplanationFrom the Latin 'aurum'.
#6
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
ExplanationTwo hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.
#7
Who proposed the first modern atomic theory?
John Dalton
ExplanationHis theory introduced the concept of atoms as indivisible particles.
#8
Which scientist is credited with the discovery of radioactivity?
Marie Curie
ExplanationDiscovered radioactivity in uranium.
#9
Which chemical element was the first to be artificially synthesized?
Technetium
ExplanationFirst artificially produced element.
#10
What is the name of the first synthetic dye?
Perkin's mauve
ExplanationSynthesized by William Henry Perkin.
#11
Who is known for the discovery of the noble gases?
William Ramsay
ExplanationDiscovered noble gases such as helium, neon, and argon.
#12
Who is credited with the discovery of the electron?
J.J. Thomson
ExplanationDiscovered electrons using cathode ray tube experiments.
#13
Who proposed the periodic law and created the periodic table of elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev
ExplanationOrganized elements based on atomic mass, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements.
#14
Who proposed the concept of chemical equilibrium?
Le Chatelier
ExplanationHis principle describes how systems reach equilibrium.
#15
What is Avogadro's constant?
6.02 × 10^23
ExplanationNumber of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance.
#16
Who first isolated pure caffeine?
Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge
ExplanationExtracted caffeine from coffee beans.
#17
Who discovered the electron configuration of atoms?
Linus Pauling
ExplanationDescribed the arrangement of electrons in atoms.