#1
Which of the following parameters is commonly measured to assess preload in hemodynamic monitoring?
Cardiac output
Mean arterial pressure
Central venous pressure
Systemic vascular resistance
#2
What does the term 'CVP' stand for in hemodynamic monitoring?
Cardiac Volume Pressure
Central Venous Pressure
Capillary Venous Pressure
Cardiovascular Valve Pressure
#3
Which of the following is a method used to measure cardiac output directly?
Doppler ultrasound
Swan-Ganz catheter
Arterial line
Pulse oximetry
#4
What is the primary function of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in hemodynamic monitoring?
To measure blood pressure
To assess left ventricular function
To monitor cardiac output
To evaluate pulmonary artery pressure
#5
Which of the following parameters is used to calculate systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
Cardiac output
Mean arterial pressure
Central venous pressure
Pulmonary artery pressure
#6
What is the primary purpose of measuring mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in hemodynamic monitoring?
To assess cardiac output
To evaluate tissue oxygenation
To monitor pulmonary artery pressure
To measure preload
#7
Which of the following parameters represents the resistance that the heart must overcome to eject blood during systole?
Central venous pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Pulse pressure
Systemic vascular resistance
#8
In hemodynamic monitoring, what does the term 'SVV' stand for?
Systemic Ventricular Volume
Stroke Volume Variation
Systolic Ventricular Volume
Systemic Vascular Variation
#9
Which of the following parameters is calculated using the formula MAP = [(2 * diastolic) + systolic] / 3?
Stroke volume
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Systemic vascular resistance
#10
What does the term 'dP/dt' refer to in hemodynamic monitoring?
Change in diastolic pressure over time
Change in systolic pressure over time
Rate of change in arterial pressure over time
Rate of change in central venous pressure over time
#11
Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is commonly used to guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients?
Central venous pressure
Systemic vascular resistance
Mixed venous oxygen saturation
Cardiac output
#12
What is the primary purpose of measuring capillary refill time (CRT) in hemodynamic assessment?
To assess tissue perfusion
To evaluate preload
To measure cardiac output
To monitor pulmonary artery pressure
#13
Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is calculated using the formula SV = EDV - ESV?
Stroke volume
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Systemic vascular resistance
#14
What does the term 'dP/dt max' refer to in hemodynamic monitoring?
Maximum rate of change in diastolic pressure
Maximum rate of change in systolic pressure
Maximum rate of change in arterial pressure
Maximum rate of change in central venous pressure