#1
Which of the following parameters is commonly measured to assess preload in hemodynamic monitoring?
Central venous pressure
ExplanationAssesses preload by indicating blood volume returning to the heart.
#2
What does the term 'CVP' stand for in hemodynamic monitoring?
Central Venous Pressure
ExplanationMeasure of pressure in the vena cava, indicating fluid status and right heart function.
#3
Which of the following is a method used to measure cardiac output directly?
Swan-Ganz catheter
ExplanationDirectly measures cardiac output by monitoring blood flow in the pulmonary artery.
#4
What is the primary function of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in hemodynamic monitoring?
To monitor cardiac output
ExplanationMonitors cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures to assess heart function.
#5
Which of the following parameters is used to calculate systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
Mean arterial pressure
ExplanationDetermines the resistance to blood flow in systemic circulation.
#6
What is the primary purpose of measuring mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in hemodynamic monitoring?
To evaluate tissue oxygenation
ExplanationIndicates the amount of oxygen returning to the heart from tissues.
#7
Which of the following parameters represents the resistance that the heart must overcome to eject blood during systole?
Systemic vascular resistance
ExplanationRepresents resistance in the systemic circulation that the heart must overcome.
#8
In hemodynamic monitoring, what does the term 'SVV' stand for?
Stroke Volume Variation
ExplanationIndicates changes in stroke volume with respiration, assessing fluid responsiveness.
#9
Which of the following parameters is calculated using the formula MAP = [(2 * diastolic) + systolic] / 3?
Mean arterial pressure
ExplanationRepresents the average pressure in the arteries during one cardiac cycle.
#10
What does the term 'dP/dt' refer to in hemodynamic monitoring?
Rate of change in arterial pressure over time
ExplanationMeasures the rate of change in arterial pressure over time, indicating cardiac contractility.
#11
Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is commonly used to guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients?
Central venous pressure
ExplanationUsed to guide fluid resuscitation by assessing intravascular volume.
#12
What is the primary purpose of measuring capillary refill time (CRT) in hemodynamic assessment?
To assess tissue perfusion
ExplanationIndicates peripheral perfusion, assessing circulatory function and shock.
#13
Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is calculated using the formula SV = EDV - ESV?
Stroke volume
ExplanationRepresents the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per heartbeat.
#14
What does the term 'dP/dt max' refer to in hemodynamic monitoring?
Maximum rate of change in systolic pressure
ExplanationMaximum rate of increase in systolic pressure, indicating cardiac contractility.