#1
Which of the following is NOT a common manifestation of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Nausea and vomiting
ExplanationNausea and vomiting are not typical symptoms of acute GVHD.
#2
Which of the following is a crucial risk factor for the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
HLA mismatch between donor and recipient
ExplanationHLA mismatch increases the risk of GVHD by stimulating immune reactions.
#3
Which of the following organs is commonly affected in gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Liver
ExplanationThe liver is frequently affected in gastrointestinal GVHD.
#4
Which type of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) tends to occur earlier post-transplant, usually within the first 100 days?
Acute GVHD
ExplanationAcute GVHD typically manifests within the initial 100 days post-transplant.
#5
Which of the following is a common symptom of skin involvement in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Pruritus (itching)
ExplanationItching (pruritus) is a common symptom of skin GVHD.
#6
What is the primary immunological mechanism underlying graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Donor T cells attacking recipient's tissues
ExplanationGVHD primarily occurs due to the attack of donor T cells against recipient tissues.
#7
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Presence of bronchiolitis obliterans
ExplanationBronchiolitis obliterans is a characteristic feature of chronic GVHD.
#8
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Acute GVHD occurs within 100 days post-transplant, while chronic GVHD occurs after 100 days.
ExplanationThe timing of onset distinguishes acute (early) from chronic (later) GVHD.
#9
Which of the following is a risk factor associated with an increased incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Older age of the recipient
ExplanationOlder recipients are at a higher risk of developing chronic GVHD.
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) involving the liver?
Elevated bilirubin levels
ExplanationElevated bilirubin levels are characteristic of acute GVHD affecting the liver.
#11
Which immunosuppressive agent is commonly used for prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Corticosteroids
ExplanationCorticosteroids are frequently used to suppress immune reactions in GVHD.
#12
Which of the following is a potential complication of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) affecting the eyes?
Cataracts
ExplanationCataracts can develop as a complication of chronic GVHD involving the eyes.
#13
What is the primary mechanism of action of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Induction of regulatory T cells
ExplanationECP induces regulatory T cells, which help in GVHD management.
#14
What is the primary goal of prophylactic treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
To suppress donor immune responses
ExplanationThe primary goal is to prevent donor immune responses against recipient tissues.
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) involving the mouth?
Xerostomia
ExplanationXerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common feature of chronic GVHD involving the mouth.