#1
According to social learning theory, gender development primarily occurs through:
Socialization and observational learning
ExplanationGender development according to social learning theory primarily occurs through socialization, which includes observing and imitating others.
#2
According to cognitive-developmental theory, at what age do children typically acquire a stable gender identity?
3-4 years
ExplanationChildren typically acquire a stable gender identity around 3-4 years of age according to cognitive-developmental theory.
#3
What is the term used to describe the sense of being male or female?
Gender identity
ExplanationGender identity is the term used to describe the sense of being male, female, or another gender.
#4
What is the term used to describe the internal psychological sense of being male, female, or something else?
Gender identity
ExplanationGender identity is the term used to describe the internal psychological sense of being male, female, or something else.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Kohlberg's theory of gender development?
Transitional
ExplanationTransitional is not a stage in Kohlberg's theory of gender development, which includes stages such as gender identity, stability, and consistency.
#6
Which psychoanalytic theorist proposed the Electra complex as a counterpart to the Oedipus complex?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud proposed the Electra complex as a counterpart to the Oedipus complex in his psychoanalytic theory of gender development.
#7
What is the main focus of the biosocial theory of gender development?
Interaction between biological and social factors
ExplanationThe biosocial theory of gender development focuses on the interaction between biological and social factors in shaping gender.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of social learning theory in explaining gender development?
Overemphasis on observational learning
ExplanationOveremphasis on observational learning is not a criticism of social learning theory in explaining gender development, which includes criticisms such as ignoring biological factors.
#9
Which of the following best describes the concept of gender constancy?
Understanding that gender remains stable over time
ExplanationGender constancy is the understanding that gender remains stable over time, regardless of changes in appearance or behavior.
#10
According to social cognitive theory, what plays a central role in the development of gender identity?
Cognitive processes and social influences
ExplanationCognitive processes and social influences play a central role in the development of gender identity according to social cognitive theory.
#11
Which theory suggests that individuals actively construct their gender identities based on their interpretations of social roles and expectations?
Gender schema theory
ExplanationGender schema theory suggests that individuals actively construct their gender identities based on their interpretations of social roles and expectations.
#12
In which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development does gender identity formation typically occur?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationGender identity formation typically occurs during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
#13
Which perspective emphasizes the role of power dynamics and societal structures in shaping gender identities?
Feminist theory
ExplanationFeminist theory emphasizes the role of power dynamics and societal structures in shaping gender identities.
#14
What is the main critique of evolutionary psychology regarding gender development?
It overemphasizes biological determinism
ExplanationThe main critique of evolutionary psychology regarding gender development is that it overemphasizes biological determinism and ignores the role of social and cultural factors.