#1
Which of the following is a primary factor influencing gender development?
Biological factors
ExplanationBiological factors play a key role in shaping gender development.
#2
At what age do children typically start to demonstrate gender-typed behavior?
Around 3 years old
ExplanationChildren usually begin exhibiting gender-typed behavior around the age of 3.
#3
What is the term for the process of internalizing societal expectations about gender roles?
Gender socialization
ExplanationGender socialization is the process of internalizing societal expectations about gender roles.
#4
According to social learning theory, what plays a crucial role in the development of gender-typed behaviors?
Parental reinforcement and modeling
ExplanationSocial learning theory emphasizes the impact of parental reinforcement and modeling on gender-typed behaviors.
#5
What term refers to the societal expectations and norms regarding the behaviors and roles appropriate for men and women?
Gender roles
ExplanationGender roles encompass societal expectations and norms for behaviors and roles based on gender.
#6
What is the term for the process through which individuals acquire the values, beliefs, and behaviors considered appropriate for their gender?
Gender socialization
ExplanationGender socialization involves acquiring values, beliefs, and behaviors deemed appropriate for one's gender.
#7
Which theory suggests that children actively construct their understanding of gender through social interactions and experiences?
Gender Schema Theory
ExplanationGender Schema Theory posits that children build their gender understanding through social interactions.
#8
What term is used to describe the psychological and emotional identification with one's own gender?
Gender identity
ExplanationGender identity refers to the emotional connection and identification with one's own gender.
#9
What is gender typing?
The process of acquiring gender-role stereotypes
ExplanationGender typing involves acquiring stereotypes associated with gender roles.
#10
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during the preschool years?
Initiative vs. Guilt
ExplanationErikson identifies the primary task during preschool as Initiative vs. Guilt.
#11
Which theorist proposed the idea of 'gender constancy'?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationLawrence Kohlberg introduced the concept of 'gender constancy'.
#12
What is the term for the cognitive structure that organizes one's understanding of gender?
Gender schema
ExplanationGender schema is the cognitive structure organizing one's understanding of gender.
#13
Which of the following best describes gender constancy?
Understanding that gender is stable over time
ExplanationGender constancy is the understanding that gender remains stable across time.
#14
What is androgyny?
The adoption of both masculine and feminine traits
ExplanationAndrogyny involves embracing both masculine and feminine traits.
#15
Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of gender development?
It overlooks the influence of culture and socialization
ExplanationA critique of Kohlberg's theory is its neglect of cultural and social influences.
#16
Which of the following is an example of gender identity disorder?
A person feeling discomfort with their biological sex
ExplanationGender identity disorder involves discomfort with one's biological sex.
#17
What is the term for the tendency to recall information that confirms one's existing beliefs or opinions?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to remember information that supports existing beliefs.
#18
Which of the following best describes gender dysphoria?
Discomfort or distress caused by a discrepancy between a person's gender identity and their assigned sex at birth
ExplanationGender dysphoria involves distress due to a misalignment between gender identity and assigned sex at birth.