#1
Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
ExplanationRegulates the activity of other endocrine glands.
#2
Which hormone is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Adrenaline
ExplanationPrepares the body for intense physical activity in response to stress.
#3
Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males?
Testosterone
ExplanationPromotes the development of male reproductive tissues and traits.
#4
Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues?
Testosterone
ExplanationCritical for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.
#5
Which hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?
Estrogen
ExplanationPromotes the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual traits.
#6
What is the primary function of insulin in the endocrine system?
Regulating blood sugar levels
ExplanationFacilitates glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood sugar.
#7
Which hormone is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
ExplanationControls circadian rhythms and promotes sleep.
#8
Where is the thyroid gland located in the human body?
Neck
ExplanationLocated in the front of the neck, regulates metabolism.
#9
What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon?
Increasing blood sugar levels
ExplanationPromotes the release of glucose into the bloodstream from the liver.
#10
Where are the islets of Langerhans located?
Pancreas
ExplanationClusters of cells in the pancreas, involved in insulin and glucagon production.
#11
What is the main function of the hormone oxytocin?
Stimulating lactation
ExplanationFacilitates milk ejection during breastfeeding and uterine contractions during childbirth.
#12
Where is the adrenal gland located in the human body?
Abdomen
ExplanationSituated on top of each kidney, consists of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex.
#13
In which organ is aldosterone primarily produced?
Adrenal glands
ExplanationProduced in the adrenal cortex, regulates sodium and potassium levels.
#14
What is the role of parathyroid hormone in the endocrine system?
Regulating calcium levels in the blood
ExplanationIncreases calcium release into the blood from bones.
#15
Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle in females?
Progesterone
ExplanationPrepares the uterus for pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle.
#16
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?
Controlling water balance
ExplanationRegulates water reabsorption by the kidneys.
#17
Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is associated with the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
ExplanationRegulates sleep patterns and influences circadian rhythms.
#18
What is the primary function of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO)?
Stimulating red blood cell production
ExplanationPromotes the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
#19
Which hormone is known as the 'stress hormone' and is released in response to stress?
Cortisol
ExplanationAids in the body's response to stress by increasing blood sugar and suppressing the immune system.