#1
Which term refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better when in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
ExplanationPerformance enhancement in the presence of others.
#2
Which concept refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationTendency to credit oneself for successes but blame external factors for failures.
#3
What is the term for a shared set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that characterize a particular group or society?
Culture
ExplanationCollective norms, beliefs, and behaviors defining a group or society.
#4
In the context of social psychology, what does the term 'self-concept' refer to?
The evaluation of one's own worth
ExplanationAssessment of personal value and identity.
#5
Which social psychology experiment explored the effects of deindividuation and anonymity on individuals' behavior in a group setting?
Zimbardo prison experiment
ExplanationExperiment investigating behavior changes in groups under deindividuation.
#6
Who is considered the founder of social psychology?
William James
ExplanationWilliam James is credited as the founder of social psychology.
#7
What does the fundamental attribution error suggest about explaining others' behavior?
Tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors
ExplanationThe tendency to overemphasize internal traits and underestimate external influences in explaining others' behavior.
#8
What is the term for the process of adjusting one's behavior or thinking to align with a group's norms?
Conformity
ExplanationAdapting behavior or beliefs to fit with group standards.
#9
According to the social exchange theory, what is the primary motive for social interactions?
Self-interest
ExplanationSelf-interest is the driving force behind social interactions, according to this theory.
#10
Who conducted the famous Stanford prison experiment, which investigated the psychological effects of perceived power and authority?
Philip Zimbardo
ExplanationPhilip Zimbardo is known for the Stanford prison experiment.
#11
What is the term for the process by which individuals form impressions of others based on central traits and initial information?
Impression formation
ExplanationFormation of judgments about others based on initial information.
#12
Which theory proposes that individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups based on similarities?
Social identity theory
ExplanationTheory explaining how individuals categorize themselves and others based on shared characteristics.
#13
What is the term for the tendency to favor one's own group over other groups?
In-group bias
ExplanationPreference or favoritism towards one's own social group.
#14
What is the term for the reduction of individual effort in a group setting when working collectively on a task?
Social loafing
ExplanationDecrease in individual effort within a group setting.
#15
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, what are the two components necessary for the experience of emotion?
Cognitive appraisal and physiological arousal
ExplanationEmotion arises from cognitive interpretation and physiological arousal.
#16
According to the social cognitive theory, what is the importance of observational learning in social behavior?
It is a significant factor in shaping social behavior
ExplanationObservational learning plays a major role in influencing social behavior.
#17
Which term describes the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to make riskier decisions than when alone?
Group polarization
ExplanationTendency for group decisions to be more extreme than individual decisions.