#1
Who is considered the founder of modern psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationEstablished the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a component of the scientific method?
Opinion
ExplanationOpinion is subjective and not verifiable through empirical evidence.
#3
What is the primary focus of behaviorism in psychology?
Observable behavior
ExplanationBehaviorism emphasizes studying observable actions and responses.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a primary method of data collection in psychology?
Biopsies
ExplanationBiopsies involve tissue samples and are not typically used in psychological research.
#5
Which of the following is a primary goal of industrial-organizational psychology?
Improving workplace productivity
ExplanationIO psychologists aim to enhance organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.
#6
What does the term 'cognition' refer to in psychology?
Thought processes
ExplanationCognition involves mental processes like perception, reasoning, and memory.
#7
Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPioneered the study of classical conditioning with experiments on dogs.
#8
Which branch of psychology focuses on how people grow and change throughout the lifespan?
Developmental psychology
ExplanationStudies physical, cognitive, and social development from infancy to old age.
#9
Who is known for proposing the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationSkinner's work focused on the influence of consequences on behavior.
#10
Which psychological perspective emphasizes free will and self-actualization?
Humanistic perspective
ExplanationHumanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth and self-determination.
#11
Who proposed the social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationBandura's theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation.
#12
Which psychological perspective focuses on how people perceive and interpret information?
Cognitive perspective
ExplanationStudies how thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions influence behavior.
#13
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs in motivation theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow's theory emphasizes fulfilling basic needs before higher-level ones.
#14
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationFreud's work laid the foundation for psychoanalytic theory.
#15
Who is known for proposing the concept of the 'collective unconscious'?
Carl Jung
ExplanationJung's concept suggests a shared reservoir of memories and symbols.
#16
Who proposed the concept of 'self-efficacy' in social cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationBandura's concept refers to one's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks.
#17
Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes stages like trust vs. mistrust and integrity vs. despair?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson's theory describes stages of personality development throughout life.