#1
What type of discrimination involves treating individuals differently in the housing market based on their race or ethnicity?
Racial discrimination
ExplanationDiscriminatory treatment based on race or ethnicity in housing.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a protected characteristic under the Fair Housing Act?
Marital status
ExplanationMarital status is not explicitly protected under the Fair Housing Act.
#3
Which federal law prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
Fair Housing Act
ExplanationBroad legislation prohibiting various forms of housing discrimination.
#4
Which federal law prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of disability?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
ExplanationLegislation protecting individuals with disabilities from housing discrimination.
#5
Which federal law prohibits housing discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability?
Fair Housing Act
ExplanationEncompasses various protected characteristics against housing discrimination.
#6
What is redlining in the context of real estate and fair housing?
A discriminatory practice based on neighborhoods' racial composition
ExplanationDiscriminatory lending or insurance practices based on neighborhood racial makeup.
#7
Which federal agency is responsible for enforcing the Fair Housing Act?
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
ExplanationGovernment body overseeing enforcement of fair housing laws.
#8
What is the term for a practice where real estate agents guide homebuyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race, religion, or other protected characteristics?
Steering
ExplanationDirecting buyers to specific neighborhoods based on protected characteristics.
#9
What is the primary purpose of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) in the context of real estate?
Ensuring fair lending practices
ExplanationPromoting fair access to credit and preventing discriminatory lending practices.
#10
In fair housing laws, what does the term 'steering' refer to?
Channeling or guiding homebuyers toward or away from particular neighborhoods based on their characteristics
ExplanationDirecting buyers to or away from neighborhoods based on protected characteristics.
#11
Under the Fair Housing Act, what is the maximum number of units in a building that exempts it from the prohibition on familial status discrimination?
4 units
ExplanationBuildings with 4 or fewer units are exempt from familial status discrimination.
#12
In the context of fair housing laws, what does the term 'reasonable accommodation' refer to?
Adjustments or exceptions to rules or policies for individuals with disabilities
ExplanationMaking policy exceptions to accommodate individuals with disabilities.
#13
Which court case led to the recognition of disparate impact as a legal theory under the Fair Housing Act?
Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.
ExplanationEstablished disparate impact as a valid legal theory in fair housing.
#14
Under the Fair Housing Act, what does the term 'reasonable modifications' entail?
Changes or alterations made to the physical structure of a dwelling to accommodate individuals with disabilities
ExplanationPhysical alterations to homes to accommodate individuals with disabilities.
#15
Under the Fair Housing Act, what is the maximum penalty for the first-time violation of the law by a housing provider?
$10,000
ExplanationMaximum penalty for initial violations of fair housing laws.
#16
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides the basis for federal fair housing laws?
Fourteenth Amendment
ExplanationConstitutional basis for federal laws prohibiting housing discrimination.