#1
What is one of the primary factors influencing peer relations in childhood?
Personality traits
ExplanationIndividual characteristics shape how children interact with peers.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a function of peer relationships in childhood?
Enhancing competitive behavior and discouraging cooperation
ExplanationPeer relationships typically foster cooperation and discourage excessive competition.
#3
Which of the following is a way to address peer rejection in childhood?
Providing opportunities for teamwork and cooperation
ExplanationPromoting collaborative activities can mitigate peer rejection.
#4
What term refers to a self-fulfilling prophecy where a child's behavior is influenced by others' expectations of them?
Pygmalion effect
ExplanationExpectations can shape individuals' behaviors, fulfilling the prophecy.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of prosocial behavior in childhood?
Responding empathetically to others' distress
ExplanationProsocial behavior involves actions that benefit others, often driven by empathy.
#6
Which theory of peer relations suggests that children play an active role in shaping their peer experiences?
The ecological perspective
ExplanationChildren actively engage with their environments to form peer relationships.
#7
Which of the following is a factor that influences the development of peer relationships in childhood?
The social skills of the parents
ExplanationParental behaviors and abilities can impact how children interact with peers.
#8
In which age group are children likely to form more complex and reciprocal peer relationships?
Middle childhood
ExplanationPeer relationships become more sophisticated during middle childhood.
#9
Which term describes the strategy where a child intentionally avoids or rejects a peer?
Rejection
ExplanationRejection involves deliberate avoidance or exclusion of a peer.
#10
Which concept suggests that children seek out environments that complement their genetic predispositions?
Niche-picking
ExplanationChildren tend to select environments that align with their innate qualities.
#11
Which of the following is a major type of peer status in childhood?
Popular status
ExplanationPopular status indicates high acceptance and likability among peers.
#12
Which of the following best characterizes the transition to middle childhood in terms of peer relations?
Stable peer relationships developed in early childhood
ExplanationStable peer connections established in early years persist and evolve in middle childhood.
#13
What is the process through which children learn the norms and roles of their peer group?
Peer socialization
ExplanationChildren adopt behaviors and values of their peer group through interaction.
#14
In which of the following stages of Piaget's cognitive development do children typically become more aware of others' perspectives and needs?
Concrete operational stage
ExplanationConcrete operational stage involves increased understanding of others' viewpoints.
#15
What theory suggests that peers can influence a child's behavior through modeling and reinforcement?
Social cognitive theory
ExplanationPeers serve as models and reinforce behaviors, shaping social learning.
#16
Which of the following factors is NOT an influence on peer relationships in childhood?
Sleeping habits
ExplanationSleeping habits typically do not directly impact peer relationships.