#1
Which of the following is an example of a situational factor influencing human behavior?
Weather conditions
ExplanationExternal circumstances impacting behavior.
#2
Which factor is associated with the 'mere-exposure effect' in psychology?
Repetition
ExplanationIncreased liking due to repeated exposure.
#3
In the context of social influence, what does the term 'foot-in-the-door' technique refer to?
Making a small request before making a larger one
ExplanationGradually escalating requests to gain compliance.
#4
What does the social identity theory propose about the relationship between social categorization and intergroup behavior?
Increased intergroup conflict
ExplanationCategorization leading to bias and intergroup conflict.
#5
What is the concept of 'groupthink' in social psychology?
A tendency for group members to conform and minimize conflict
ExplanationDesire for harmony in groups leading to flawed decision-making.
#6
In the context of social psychology, what is the bystander effect?
The presence of others inhibiting intervention in an emergency
ExplanationReluctance to help due to diffusion of responsibility.
#7
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious motives and conflicts in shaping human behavior?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationUnconscious drives influencing behavior, as per Freud.
#8
In social psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
Conflict between thoughts and behaviors
ExplanationDiscomfort from inconsistency in beliefs and actions.
#9
Which theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain a balance among their cognitions?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationStriving for harmony in thoughts and actions.
#10
Which factor is NOT typically considered a determinant of social behavior according to the social exchange theory?
Emotions
ExplanationEmotions not primary in cost-benefit analysis of interactions.
#11
What is the primary focus of the social learning theory?
Observational learning and modeling
ExplanationLearning through observing others' actions and outcomes.
#12
According to the theory of planned behavior, what are the three key factors influencing an individual's intention to perform a behavior?
Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control
ExplanationAttitude, social pressure, and perceived ability influencing behavior.
#13
What is the 'fundamental attribution error' in social psychology?
Attributing others' behavior to internal factors
ExplanationOverestimating internal factors, underestimating situational influences on others.
#14
According to the social comparison theory, in what situations are people more likely to engage in social comparison?
When uncertain about their abilities or opinions
ExplanationComparing oneself to others when uncertain about self.
#15
What is the 'hierarchy of needs' theory, and who proposed it?
Abraham Maslow - theory of human motivation
ExplanationHuman needs arranged in a hierarchy, proposed by Maslow.
#16
What is the main focus of social cognitive theory in explaining human behavior?
Observational learning and cognitive processes
ExplanationBehavioral learning through observation and mental processes.
#17
According to the social identity theory, what is an in-group?
A group one identifies with
ExplanationGroup with which an individual shares identity.
#18
What is the 'halo effect' in social psychology?
A positive impression influencing overall evaluation
ExplanationPositive trait influencing perception of other qualities.
#19
According to the social influence theory, what is 'normative social influence'?
Conforming to gain social approval or avoid disapproval
ExplanationConforming to fit in and gain acceptance.
#20
According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, what is the relationship between frustration and aggression?
Direct correlation
ExplanationFrustration increasing likelihood of aggressive behavior.
#21
What is the 'social facilitation effect' in the context of human behavior?
Improved performance in the presence of others for simple tasks
ExplanationEnhanced performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
#22
According to social exchange theory, what is the role of reciprocity in relationships?
Reciprocity promotes mutual trust and cooperation
ExplanationMutual exchange fostering trust and cooperation.
#23
In the context of social psychology, what is 'deindividuation'?
Loss of self-awareness and individuality in a group
ExplanationReduced self-awareness and accountability in a group.
#24
What role does empathy play in prosocial behavior according to the empathy-altruism hypothesis?
Empathy can lead to altruistic behavior under certain conditions
ExplanationUnderstanding others' feelings can lead to selfless acts.
#25
What is the 'social contract' concept in the context of moral development?
An agreement among individuals to follow social norms
ExplanationMutual agreement on societal rules and obligations.