#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of experimental research?
It involves manipulating variables.
ExplanationExperimental research entails manipulating variables for analysis.
#2
What is the purpose of a control variable in experimental research?
To ensure that the experimental conditions are consistent.
ExplanationControl variables maintain consistency across experimental conditions in experimental research.
#3
What is the primary purpose of a control group in an experimental design?
To provide a baseline for comparison.
ExplanationControl groups offer a comparison baseline for evaluating experimental outcomes.
#4
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the pretest-posttest control group design?
It is susceptible to selection bias.
ExplanationPretest-posttest control group designs may be affected by selection bias.
#5
What is the term used to describe the process of ensuring that participants in different experimental conditions are equivalent at the beginning of the study?
Random assignment
ExplanationRandom assignment ensures equivalent participant distribution across experimental conditions.
#6
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to interpret the results.
ExplanationConfounding variables simultaneously affect independent and dependent variables, complicating result interpretation.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a true experiment?
Pre-existing groups
ExplanationTrue experiments do not involve pre-existing groups.
#8
In experimental research, what is the purpose of random assignment?
To minimize the influence of participant variables.
ExplanationRandom assignment minimizes the impact of participant variables on experimental outcomes.
#9
Which of the following is a key difference between experimental and quasi-experimental research?
Quasi-experimental research does not manipulate variables.
ExplanationQuasi-experimental research does not manipulate variables as experimental research does.
#10
What is the term used to describe a research design where participants are followed over a period of time, with data collected at multiple intervals?
Longitudinal design
ExplanationLongitudinal designs involve tracking participants over time with data collection at various intervals.
#11
What is the term used to describe a research design where participants are randomly assigned to different conditions, and each condition represents a unique combination of levels of the independent variables?
Factorial design
ExplanationFactorial designs involve random assignment to different conditions, each representing a unique combination of independent variable levels.
#12
Which of the following is a potential threat to internal validity in experimental research?
Selection bias
ExplanationSelection bias poses a potential threat to the internal validity of experimental research.