#1
In genetic research, what does the term 'genetic counseling' refer to?
Providing information and support to individuals with or at risk of genetic disorders
ExplanationOffering guidance to those with genetic disorders or risks.
#2
Which ethical principle highlights the importance of respecting individuals' right to make their own decisions in genetic research?
Autonomy
ExplanationRespecting individuals' decision-making rights.
#3
In the context of genetic research, what does the term 'bioethics' encompass?
The ethical implications of biological and medical advancements
ExplanationEthical considerations in biological and medical advances.
#4
Which principle of research ethics emphasizes fairness in the distribution of benefits and burdens of research among different groups?
Justice
ExplanationFair distribution of research benefits and burdens.
#5
What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent in genetic research?
To ensure participants are aware of potential risks and benefits
ExplanationEnsuring participant awareness of risks and benefits.
#6
Which legal framework is commonly used to protect the privacy of genetic information?
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
ExplanationHIPAA safeguards genetic information privacy.
#7
What is the role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in genetic research?
To ensure compliance with ethical standards and protect research participants
ExplanationEnsuring ethical compliance and participant protection.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a direct-to-consumer genetic testing service?
23andMe
Explanation23andMe: a direct-to-consumer genetic testing service.
#9
What is the term for the intentional alteration of an individual's genetic makeup to prevent or treat disease?
Genetic engineering
ExplanationIntentional genetic alteration for disease prevention or treatment.
#10
What is the primary focus of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) in the United States?
Prohibiting genetic discrimination in employment and health insurance
ExplanationGINA: Preventing genetic discrimination in employment and health insurance.
#11
What is the term for the practice of using genetic information to make decisions about insurance coverage or employment?
Genetic discrimination
ExplanationUsing genetic data in insurance or employment decisions.
#12
What ethical principle emphasizes the importance of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in genetic research?
Beneficence
ExplanationMaximizing benefits while minimizing harm.
#13
Which international declaration emphasizes the protection of human rights in genetic research?
Helsinki Declaration
ExplanationHelsinki Declaration safeguards human rights.
#14
What is the term for the practice of using genetic information to select desired traits in offspring?
Eugenics
ExplanationUsing genetic data for desired trait selection.
#15
In genetic research, what does the term 'dual-use dilemma' refer to?
The potential misuse of genetic research for harmful purposes
ExplanationRisk of genetic research misuse for harm.
#16
In the context of genetic research, what does the term 'pharmacogenomics' refer to?
The study of genetic variation in drug response
ExplanationStudying genetic variation in drug response.