#1
What is epidemiology?
The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations
ExplanationStudy of disease impact on population health.
#2
Which term describes the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular disease at a specific time?
Prevalence
ExplanationProportion of individuals with disease at a given time.
#3
Which of the following best defines 'endemic'?
The constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or population
ExplanationContinuous disease presence in a specific area or population.
#4
What is 'surveillance' in the context of public health?
The continuous and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data
ExplanationSystematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a 'vector' in epidemiology?
A mosquito transmitting malaria
ExplanationOrganism transmitting disease from one host to another.
#6
Which of the following best describes the term 'incidence' in epidemiology?
The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time
ExplanationCount of new disease cases over time.
#7
What is a cohort study?
A study that follows a group of people over time to observe how different exposures affect the incidence of disease
ExplanationObservational study tracking exposures and disease incidence.
#8
What is a case-control study in epidemiology?
A study where subjects are selected based on their disease outcome
ExplanationStudy selecting subjects based on disease status.
#9
What is 'herd immunity'?
The resistance of a group to infection due to immunity of a high proportion of the group
ExplanationGroup resistance to infection via high immunity.
#10
What does a 'cross-sectional study' typically assess?
The presence and distribution of health-related states or events
ExplanationAssessment of health states or events at a point in time.
#11
What does the term 'R0' (basic reproduction number) indicate in epidemiology?
The average number of people who will catch a disease from one contagious person
ExplanationAverage infections caused by one contagious person.
#12
Which measure is used to compare the risk of a health event among one group with the risk among another group?
Relative risk
ExplanationComparison of health event risks between groups.
#13
What is 'confounding' in epidemiological studies?
The distortion of the estimated association between an exposure and an outcome by the presence of another variable
ExplanationDistortion of exposure-outcome association by other variables.
#14
Which epidemiological measure is specifically used to express the burden of a health problem in a population?
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
ExplanationMeasurement of health problem burden in a population.
#15
What does 'attributable risk' measure in epidemiology?
The portion of the incidence of a disease in the population that is due to exposure
ExplanationIncidence portion due to a specific exposure.