#1
Which of the following best defines epidemiology?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.
ExplanationStudy of health-related events in populations for control.
#2
Which of the following best describes the term 'endemic' in epidemiology?
A disease that is constantly present at low levels in a population.
ExplanationConstant low-level presence of a disease.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
ExplanationImmune system attacks pancreas cells.
#4
Which of the following best describes the term 'epidemic' in epidemiology?
A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific population.
ExplanationSudden increase in disease cases.
#5
What is the primary mode of transmission of the Ebola virus?
Direct contact with bodily fluids
ExplanationTransmission via bodily fluids.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Asthma-like reversible airflow obstruction
ExplanationNot reversible airflow obstruction like asthma.
#7
What is the basic reproductive number (R0) in epidemiology?
The average number of secondary cases produced by a typical case of an infection in a susceptible population.
ExplanationAverage secondary infections per case.
#8
What is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Cardiovascular disease
ExplanationHeart disease.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing hypertension?
High dietary intake of potassium
ExplanationHigh potassium intake not a risk.
#10
What is the primary mode of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Direct contact with bodily fluids
ExplanationTransmission through bodily fluids.
#11
What is the primary pathological mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease?
Accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques
ExplanationAccumulation of brain plaques.
#12
Which of the following is true about herd immunity?
It requires a high percentage of the population to be vaccinated or immune to a disease to prevent its spread.
ExplanationHigh population immunity prevents disease spread.
#13
What is the main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease?
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
ExplanationLoss of brain cells.
#14
What is the primary pathological mechanism underlying rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune attack on joint tissues
ExplanationImmune system attacks joints.
#15
What is the primary pathological feature of multiple sclerosis?
Demyelination of nerve fibers
ExplanationNerve fiber covering loss.