#1
What is the basic reproduction number (R0) in epidemiology?
The average number of secondary infections produced by a single infected individual in a susceptible population
ExplanationMeasure of disease transmission potential
#2
Which of the following best describes herd immunity?
Resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members are immune
ExplanationProtection of a population from a disease
#3
What does the term 'epidemiology' refer to?
The study of the incidence and distribution of diseases
ExplanationStudy of disease patterns in populations
#4
What is the primary purpose of a vaccine in public health?
To prevent individuals from getting infected with a disease
ExplanationInducing immunity against specific diseases
#5
What is the definition of a vector in epidemiology?
An organism that transmits infectious agents from one host to another
ExplanationOrganism transmitting diseases between hosts
#6
What is a case-control study in epidemiology?
A study where researchers identify cases of a disease and compare them with a suitable control group
ExplanationStudy to identify factors associated with diseases
#7
What is the purpose of using odds ratio in epidemiological studies?
To measure the strength of association between exposure and outcome
ExplanationQuantify the association between exposure and outcome
#8
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence in epidemiology?
Incidence refers to the rate of new cases in a population, while prevalence refers to the total number of cases.
ExplanationMeasure of disease occurrence over time vs. at a specific time
#9
What is the purpose of a cohort study in epidemiology?
To follow a group of individuals over time to determine the incidence of a disease
ExplanationLong-term study to assess disease risk factors
#10
What is the concept of relative risk in epidemiology?
The ratio of the risk of an event in one group to the risk in another group
ExplanationComparison of disease risk between groups
#11
What is an endemic disease?
A disease that is constantly present in a population or geographic area
ExplanationPersistent presence of a disease in a region
#12
What is the concept of syndromic surveillance in public health?
A form of surveillance that monitors clinical signs and symptoms for early detection of disease outbreaks
ExplanationMonitoring symptoms for disease outbreak detection
#13
What is the purpose of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in epidemiology?
To assess the efficacy of an intervention or treatment
ExplanationGold standard for assessing treatment effectiveness
#14
What are zoonotic diseases?
Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans
ExplanationDiseases transmitted from animals to humans
#15
What is the concept of secondary attack rate (SAR) in epidemiology?
The proportion of susceptible individuals who develop the disease after being exposed to a primary case
ExplanationRate of disease transmission within contacts of primary cases