#1
Which of the following is a common causative agent of empyema?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Escherichia coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Haemophilus influenzae
#2
What is the most common symptom of empyema?
Hemoptysis
Chest pain
Abdominal distention
Polyuria
#3
Which of the following is NOT a common route of infection for empyema?
Hematogenous spread
Direct extension from pneumonia
Lymphatic spread
Inhalation of contaminated air
#4
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants?
Cough
Fever
Bradycardia
Wheezing
#5
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing nosocomial pneumonia?
Immunocompetence
Hospitalization
Smoking cessation
Young age
#6
Which of the following is a common complication of untreated streptococcal pneumonia?
Endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
Rheumatic fever
Cystitis
#7
Which of the following is a common symptom of pertussis (whooping cough)?
Excessive urination
Convulsions
Post-tussive vomiting
Blurred vision
#8
Which imaging technique is often used to diagnose empyema?
Computed tomography (CT) scan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
X-ray
Ultrasound
#9
What is the recommended initial treatment for empyema?
Antibiotic therapy
Surgical drainage
Bronchoscopy
Steroid therapy
#10
What is the hallmark finding on pleural fluid analysis in empyema?
Low glucose
High protein
Elevated pH
Presence of lymphocytes
#11
Which of the following is a common pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Legionella pneumophila
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
#12
What is the most common causative agent of hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
#13
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Legionnaires' disease?
Hyponatremia
Elevated liver enzymes
Nonproductive cough
Bradycardia
#14
What is the primary mode of transmission of tuberculosis?
Sexual contact
Airborne droplets
Contaminated food or water
Vector-borne transmission
#15
Which of the following is a complication of empyema?
Pleural effusion
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism
#16
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for tuberculosis?
Tuberculin skin test
Sputum smear microscopy
Chest X-ray
Mycobacterial culture
#17
Which of the following is a common complication of severe influenza infection?
Hepatitis
Nephritis
Encephalitis
Myocarditis
#18
What is the first-line treatment for severe cases of Legionnaires' disease?
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Amoxicillin
Vancomycin
#19
What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid, a first-line drug for tuberculosis?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Inhibition of DNA gyrase
Inhibition of RNA polymerase
#20
Which of the following is NOT a common route of transmission for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
Airborne droplets
Fecal-oral route
Contact with respiratory secretions