#1
According to attachment theory, which of the following is NOT one of the primary attachment styles?
Indifferent attachment
ExplanationAttachment theory identifies primary styles as secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent.
#2
Who is the psychologist known for developing the attachment theory?
John Bowlby
ExplanationAttachment theory was developed by British psychologist John Bowlby.
#3
What is the term for the phenomenon where infants learn to communicate their needs and emotions through crying, facial expressions, and gestures?
Nonverbal communication
ExplanationInfants communicate needs and emotions through nonverbal cues such as crying, facial expressions, and gestures.
#4
According to Bowlby's attachment theory, what role does the primary caregiver play in the emotional development of the child?
They provide a secure base from which the child can explore the world
ExplanationPrimary caregivers offer a secure base from which children feel safe to explore and learn about their environment.
#5
What is the term for the process by which infants form emotional bonds with their caregivers during the first year of life?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the process through which infants form emotional bonds with their caregivers.
#6
Which of the following is a factor that can influence the quality of attachment between a caregiver and an infant?
Socioeconomic status
ExplanationSocioeconomic status can impact the quality of attachment between caregivers and infants due to various environmental factors.
#7
At what age range does the 'stranger anxiety' typically emerge in infants, according to developmental psychology?
6-9 months
ExplanationStranger anxiety typically emerges in infants between 6 to 9 months, indicating cognitive and social development.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secure attachment in infants?
Avoiding contact with the caregiver
ExplanationSecure attachment in infants involves seeking comfort and contact with the caregiver.
#9
Which of the following is a key concept in Bowlby's attachment theory?
Internal working models
ExplanationBowlby proposed that internal working models influence how individuals perceive relationships and attachment.
#10
In the 'Strange Situation' experiment, what behavior is typically exhibited by children with a secure attachment style when their caregiver returns after a brief absence?
Seeking comfort and contact
ExplanationChildren with secure attachment seek comfort and contact with the caregiver upon reunion.
#11
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of 'emotional regulation' in the context of emotional development?
The ability to control and modulate one's emotions
ExplanationEmotional regulation involves the capacity to manage and adjust one's emotional responses.
#12
Which of the following is a key feature of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development related to emotional development?
Identity crisis
ExplanationErikson's theory emphasizes the role of identity crisis in shaping emotional development during adolescence.
#13
According to attachment theory, what might be a likely consequence for individuals with an avoidant attachment style in adulthood?
Difficulty forming close relationships
ExplanationIndividuals with avoidant attachment styles may struggle with forming close relationships in adulthood due to learned avoidance of intimacy.
#14
According to attachment theory, what might be a likely consequence for individuals with a disorganized attachment style in adulthood?
Difficulty forming close relationships
ExplanationIndividuals with a disorganized attachment style may struggle to form close relationships in adulthood due to inconsistent caregiving experiences.