Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of economic development?
Increase in GDP per capita
Improvement in living standards
Decrease in literacy rate
Reduction in poverty levels
#2
What is a primary indicator of industrialization in a country?
High agricultural productivity
Expansion of service sector
Growth of manufacturing sector
Decrease in foreign direct investment
#3
Which economic theory emphasizes the importance of industrialization for economic growth?
Classical economics
Mercantilism
Dependency theory
Structuralism
#4
What is the term used to describe the process by which a country shifts from an agrarian economy to an industrial one?
Economic diversification
Economic liberalization
Economic transformation
Economic globalization
#5
What is the term used to describe the stage of economic development characterized by a high percentage of the workforce employed in industrial sectors?
Pre-industrial stage
Post-industrial stage
Industrial stage
Agricultural stage
#6
Which of the following is a key factor that can hinder industrialization in developing countries?
Availability of skilled labor
Access to foreign markets
Political stability
Lack of infrastructure
#7
What is the term used to describe the strategy where a country seeks to protect its domestic industries from foreign competition through tariffs and quotas?
Export-oriented industrialization
Import substitution industrialization
Free trade agreement
Privatization
#8
Which country is often cited as a prime example of successful industrialization in East Asia?
India
China
Japan
Vietnam
#9
Which of the following is NOT a measure of industrial development?
Industrial value-added per capita
Share of manufacturing in GDP
Unemployment rate
Technological sophistication of industries
#10
According to the 'Big Push' theory, what is necessary to initiate sustained economic development in a country?
Incremental changes in economic policies
Gradual expansion of the service sector
Simultaneous development of multiple industries
Strict regulation of foreign investments
#11
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of industrialization?
Increased productivity
Creation of employment opportunities
Reduced income inequality
Technological advancements
#12
Which economic theory emphasizes the role of state intervention in promoting industrial development?