#1
Which psychological approach emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping behavior?
Psychodynamic Approach
ExplanationFocuses on unconscious processes and early life experiences influencing behavior.
#2
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud is the pioneer and founder of psychoanalysis.
#3
According to the behavioral perspective, behavior is primarily shaped by:
Environmental influences
ExplanationEnvironmental factors play a key role in shaping behavior.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of the biopsychosocial model?
Spiritual
ExplanationDoes not explicitly include spiritual factors in its model.
#5
Which approach in psychology emphasizes the role of free will and personal growth?
Humanistic
ExplanationHumanistic perspective focuses on individual's free will and personal growth.
#6
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow introduced the hierarchy of needs theory.
#7
In the context of psychological research, what does the term 'reliability' refer to?
The consistency of measurement across repeated trials
ExplanationReliability is the consistency of measurements across trials.
#8
What does the sociocultural perspective emphasize in understanding human behavior?
Social and cultural influences
ExplanationHighlights impact of societal and cultural factors on behavior.
#9
Which of the following is a key concept in the humanistic perspective?
Self-actualization
ExplanationEmphasizes personal growth and realization of one's potential.
#10
The term 'schema' is commonly associated with which psychological perspective?
Cognitive
ExplanationCognitive perspective focuses on mental structures like schemas.
#11
Which theorist is associated with the concept of self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura introduced the concept of self-efficacy.
#12
What is the primary focus of the social cognitive perspective?
Cognitive processes
ExplanationExamines the role of cognitive processes in social learning.
#13
Who developed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationLeon Festinger is the theorist behind the cognitive dissonance theory.
#14
What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
To inform participants about the purpose and procedures of the study
ExplanationInformed consent ensures participants are aware of study details.
#15
What is the primary focus of the biopsychosocial approach?
All of the above
ExplanationConsiders biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior.
#16
What is the main focus of the evolutionary perspective in psychology?
Examining how behavior has evolved to enhance survival
ExplanationStudies how behaviors evolved to aid survival and reproduction.
#17
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the biological perspective?
Overemphasis on subjective experiences
ExplanationNot criticized for overemphasizing subjective experiences.
#18
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To minimize the effects of confounding variables
ExplanationRandom assignment helps control for confounding variables in experiments.
#19
What is the term for the tendency to perceive objects as unchanging, even when the sensory input about them changes?
Perceptual consistency
ExplanationPerceptual consistency is the tendency to see objects as unchanging.