#1
Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
Family history of diabetes
ExplanationFamily history increases susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
#2
What hormone is deficient or ineffective in individuals with type 1 diabetes?
Insulin
ExplanationType 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production or its ineffectiveness.
#3
What is the main function of insulin in the body?
To facilitate glucose uptake by cells
ExplanationInsulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells in the body.
#4
Which of the following is a long-acting insulin analog?
Insulin glargine
ExplanationInsulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analog used in diabetes management.
#5
Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy?
Peripheral numbness
ExplanationPeripheral numbness is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy.
#6
What is the primary source of energy for cells in the body?
Glucose
ExplanationGlucose is the primary source of energy for cells in the body.
#7
Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity?
Metformin
ExplanationMetformin improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
#8
What is the recommended HbA1c target for most adults with diabetes according to ADA guidelines?
Between 6-7%
ExplanationMaintaining HbA1c levels between 6-7% is the target for diabetes management per ADA.
#9
What is the most common acute complication of insulin therapy?
Hypoglycemia
ExplanationHypoglycemia is a common acute complication of insulin therapy.
#10
Which of the following statements about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is true?
It usually resolves after pregnancy, but increases the risk of type 2 diabetes
ExplanationGDM often resolves after pregnancy but raises the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.
#11
Which of the following diabetic complications is characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina?
Diabetic retinopathy
ExplanationDiabetic retinopathy involves abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina.
#12
What is the purpose of carbohydrate counting in diabetes management?
To match insulin dose with carbohydrate intake
ExplanationCarbohydrate counting helps match insulin dose with carbohydrate intake in diabetes management.
#13
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas in treating diabetes?
Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
ExplanationSulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in diabetes treatment.
#14
What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes management?
Blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidneys
ExplanationSGLT2 inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, aiding diabetes management.
#15
Which hormone opposes the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels?
Glucagon
ExplanationGlucagon opposes insulin, increasing blood glucose levels.
#16
Which of the following complications of diabetes is related to damage to the nerves that control digestion?
Diabetic neuropathy
ExplanationDiabetic neuropathy is associated with damage to nerves controlling digestion.
#17
What is the term for the sudden onset of severely elevated blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes?
Ketoacidosis
ExplanationSudden, severe elevation of blood sugar in type 1 diabetes is termed ketoacidosis.