#1
Which theorist is associated with the concept of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson is known for his psychosocial development theory, which explores the stages of personality development across the lifespan.
#2
According to Jean Piaget, during which stage do children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events?
Concrete operational
ExplanationConcrete operational stage is when children acquire the ability to think logically about concrete events and objects.
#3
Who proposed the theory of moral development, suggesting that individuals progress through stages of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationLawrence Kohlberg introduced the theory of moral development, detailing stages of moral reasoning individuals go through.
#4
What is the term used to describe the process by which a child learns to imitate behaviors observed in others?
Observational learning
ExplanationObservational learning is the process where a child learns by imitating behaviors observed in others.
#5
What is the term used to describe the cognitive process through which a child understands that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen or heard?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is the cognitive ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when out of sight, a concept in Piaget's theory.
#6
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task of adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationErikson's theory identifies the primary developmental task of adolescence as resolving the conflict between identity and role confusion.
#7
What is the term used to describe the attachment style in which a child explores freely while the caregiver is present, becomes distressed when the caregiver leaves, and is quickly comforted upon the caregiver's return?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment involves a child feeling secure to explore with the caregiver present and seeking comfort when needed.
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
ExplanationGenerativity vs. Stagnation is not a stage in Erikson's theory; it focuses on adults' concerns about contributing to society.
#9
What is the primary focus of the ecological systems theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner?
The interplay between individual characteristics and environmental influences
ExplanationBronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes the interaction between individual traits and environmental factors in shaping development.
#10
Which of the following is a criticism often directed at the behaviorist perspective in developmental psychology?
It oversimplifies complex human behavior
ExplanationBehaviorism is criticized for oversimplifying complex human behavior by focusing solely on observable actions and external stimuli.
#11
Which of the following best describes Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding?
Gradually reducing the level of support as a learner becomes more competent
ExplanationScaffolding, in Vygotsky's theory, involves providing support that is gradually reduced as the learner gains competence.
#12
According to attachment theory, what is the primary function of the attachment bond between a child and their primary caregiver?
To provide a secure base from which the child can explore the world
ExplanationAttachment theory posits that the primary function of the attachment bond is to provide a secure base for a child's exploration of the world.
#13
According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with guidance or assistance
ExplanationZPD is the gap between independent learning and what a learner can achieve with guidance, a concept by Lev Vygotsky.
#14
What is a key difference between assimilation and accommodation in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Assimilation involves changing existing schemas to fit new information, while accommodation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas.
ExplanationPiaget's theory distinguishes assimilation (fitting new info into existing mental structures) from accommodation (altering structures to incorporate new info).
#15
Which of the following best describes the concept of self-efficacy proposed by Albert Bandura?
The belief in one's ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment
ExplanationSelf-efficacy, proposed by Bandura, is the belief in one's ability to control motivation, behavior, and the social environment.
#16
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationOperant conditioning is not a component of Bandura's social cognitive theory, which focuses on observational learning and self-efficacy.