#1
Which theorist is associated with the concept of psychosocial development?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Albert Bandura
#2
According to Jean Piaget, during which stage do children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
#3
Who proposed the theory of moral development, suggesting that individuals progress through stages of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
John Bowlby
#4
What is the term used to describe the process by which a child learns to imitate behaviors observed in others?
Social learning
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
#5
What is the term used to describe the cognitive process through which a child understands that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen or heard?
Object permanence
Symbolic representation
Conservation
Theory of mind
#6
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task of adolescence?
Integrity vs. Despair
Trust vs. Mistrust
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Industry vs. Inferiority
#7
What is the term used to describe the attachment style in which a child explores freely while the caregiver is present, becomes distressed when the caregiver leaves, and is quickly comforted upon the caregiver's return?
Secure attachment
Anxious-avoidant attachment
Anxious-resistant attachment
Disorganized attachment
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Trust vs. Mistrust
Generativity vs. Stagnation
#9
What is the primary focus of the ecological systems theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner?
The influence of genetic factors on child development
The importance of cultural factors in shaping development
The interplay between individual characteristics and environmental influences
The role of cognitive processes in shaping behavior
#10
Which of the following is a criticism often directed at the behaviorist perspective in developmental psychology?
It neglects the influence of environmental factors on behavior
It underestimates the role of reinforcement in learning
It oversimplifies complex human behavior
It emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes
#11
Which of the following best describes Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding?
Providing direct instruction and guidance to a learner
Gradually reducing the level of support as a learner becomes more competent
Encouraging independent exploration and problem-solving
Adapting teaching methods to match an individual's learning style
#12
According to attachment theory, what is the primary function of the attachment bond between a child and their primary caregiver?
To satisfy the child's basic needs for food and shelter
To provide a secure base from which the child can explore the world
To teach the child language and cognitive skills
To instill moral values and beliefs
#13
According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The stage where children develop language skills
The level of cognitive development that a child is capable of achieving independently
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with guidance or assistance
The period of adolescence characterized by rapid physical growth
#14
What is a key difference between assimilation and accommodation in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Assimilation involves changing existing schemas to fit new information, while accommodation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas.
Assimilation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas, while accommodation involves changing existing schemas to fit new information.
Assimilation occurs during the sensorimotor stage, while accommodation occurs during the concrete operational stage.
Assimilation is a process observed in adults, while accommodation is observed in children.
#15
Which of the following best describes the concept of self-efficacy proposed by Albert Bandura?
The belief in one's ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment
The innate drive to seek out and explore new experiences
The unconscious influence of early childhood experiences on adult behavior
The tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors
#16
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Observational learning
Self-efficacy
Operant conditioning
Reciprocal determinism