#1
In research methodology, what does the term 'random sampling' refer to?
Selecting participants at random from the population
ExplanationRandom selection from population.
#2
Which research method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationObservation in natural setting.
#3
What is the term for the mental frameworks that shape and are shaped by our experiences?
Schema
ExplanationMental frameworks shaped by experiences.
#4
Which of the following is a primary method used to measure temperament in infants?
Observational methods
ExplanationTemperament measurement through observation.
#5
What is the term for the process of interpreting sensory information to give it meaning and context?
Perception
ExplanationInterpreting sensory information.
#6
Which of the following best defines developmental psychology?
The study of how people change socially over time
ExplanationStudy of social changes over time.
#7
What is a longitudinal study in developmental psychology?
A study that observes the same group of people over a long period of time
ExplanationObserving a group over time.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Social
ExplanationExclusion from Piaget's stages.
#9
What is the main focus of the attachment theory proposed by John Bowlby?
The formation of emotional bonds between infants and caregivers
ExplanationEmotional bond formation.
#10
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a standard for comparison with the experimental group
ExplanationComparison standard in an experiment.
#11
Which of the following is an example of a sensitive period in development?
Early childhood when language development is crucial
ExplanationLanguage development in early childhood.
#12
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescence?
Achieving identity and role confusion
ExplanationIdentity and role development in adolescence.
#13
Which of the following is a limitation of cross-sectional research design?
It does not allow for the examination of changes within individuals over time
ExplanationInability to study individual changes over time.
#14
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the role of a 'zone of proximal development'?
It is the range of tasks a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other
ExplanationTasks a child can do with guidance.