#1
Who is known for proposing the Attachment Theory?
John Bowlby
ExplanationJohn Bowlby proposed the Attachment Theory.
#2
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Isolation vs. Intimacy
ExplanationIsolation vs. Intimacy is not a stage in Erikson's theory.
#3
What is the term used to describe an emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the emotional bond between infant and primary caregiver.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of Bowlby's attachment theory?
Ego development
ExplanationEgo development is not a component of Bowlby's attachment theory.
#5
What is the term for the emotional distress seen in infants when they are separated from their primary caregiver?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationSeparation anxiety is emotional distress upon separation.
#6
What term describes the process by which infants form emotional bonds with their caregivers during the first year of life?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment describes the process of forming emotional bonds with caregivers.
#7
Which term describes the fear of strangers often displayed by infants around 8 months of age?
Stranger anxiety
ExplanationStranger anxiety is fear of strangers displayed by infants.
#8
Which of the following best describes Erikson's stage of 'Trust vs. Mistrust'?
Infants develop a sense of trust when caregivers meet their needs consistently.
ExplanationInfants develop trust when caregivers meet their needs consistently.
#9
According to John Bowlby, what is the primary function of attachment?
To provide a sense of security
ExplanationAttachment's primary function, according to Bowlby, is to provide security.
#10
Which attachment style is characterized by high anxiety and low avoidance?
Anxious-preoccupied attachment
ExplanationAnxious-preoccupied attachment is characterized by high anxiety and low avoidance.
#11
According to Mary Ainsworth, what behavior is characteristic of a child with a secure attachment style during the Strange Situation experiment?
Exploring freely when the caregiver is present, showing distress when they leave, and seeking comfort upon return
ExplanationSecurely attached children explore freely, show distress upon separation, and seek comfort upon return.
#12
In Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, what does a child with an avoidant attachment style display upon reunion with the caregiver?
Ignoring the caregiver and focusing on toys or surroundings
ExplanationA child with avoidant attachment ignores the caregiver and focuses elsewhere.
#13
Who coined the term 'strange situation' in the context of attachment research?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationMary Ainsworth coined the term 'strange situation' in attachment research.
#14
What is the term for the attachment style characterized by a lack of clear attachment behaviors?
Disorganized attachment
ExplanationDisorganized attachment lacks clear attachment behaviors.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a key factor in the development of attachment according to attachment theory?
Social class
ExplanationSocial class is not a key factor in attachment development.
#16
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style in the Strange Situation experiment?
Displays excessive clinging behavior to the caregiver
ExplanationAnxious-ambivalent children display excessive clinging behavior.
#17
Who introduced the concept of 'internal working models' in the context of attachment theory?
John Bowlby
ExplanationJohn Bowlby introduced 'internal working models' in attachment theory.
#18
Which attachment style is characterized by low anxiety and low avoidance?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment is characterized by low anxiety and low avoidance.
#19
According to attachment theory, what is the consequence of a consistent lack of responsiveness from the caregiver?
Avoidant attachment
ExplanationConsistent lack of responsiveness leads to avoidant attachment.
#20
According to Bowlby, what is the primary function of attachment behaviors?
To provide a secure base for exploration
ExplanationAttachment behaviors provide a secure base for exploration.
#21
What is the main difference between Freud's psychosexual theory and Erikson's psychosocial theory in terms of development?
Freud's theory focuses on early childhood stages, while Erikson's theory extends development across the lifespan.
ExplanationFreud focuses on early stages, Erikson extends across the lifespan.
#22
According to Bowlby, what is the primary function of attachment behaviors in infancy?
To provide a secure base for exploration
ExplanationAttachment behaviors in infancy provide a secure base for exploration.