#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Abstract reasoning
Object permanence
Formal operational thought
Egocentrism
#2
During which developmental period does Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' occur?
Infancy
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Old age
#3
What is the primary focus of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of development?
Physical development
Cognitive development
Social development
Emotional development
#4
In the context of learning and adaptation, what does the term 'scaffolding' refer to?
Providing temporary support to help a learner achieve a task
Removing all support to promote independence
Testing the learner's knowledge
Rewarding successful performance
#5
According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at which stage do individuals make decisions based on social contracts and the greater good?
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Transconventional
#6
What is the critical period hypothesis in the context of language acquisition?
A specific time during childhood when language must be learned for optimal development
A theory about the critical moments in adolescence for language acquisition
The idea that adults can learn languages more easily than children
The notion that language acquisition is not influenced by age
#7
What is the primary emphasis of the 'Nature vs. Nurture' debate in developmental psychology?
The influence of genetics on development
The impact of environmental factors on development
The interaction between genetics and environment
The role of socialization in development
#8
Which theorist is associated with the concept of 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD)?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg
#9
Which of the following is a key component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Pavlovian conditioning
#10
What is the term for the stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory where individuals face the conflict of 'Generativity vs. Stagnation'?
Adulthood
Old age
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
#11
According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and engage in hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
#12
According to John Bowlby's attachment theory, what term is used to describe an infant's distress when separated from their primary caregiver?
Secure base behavior
Separation anxiety
Exploration behavior
Stranger anxiety